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PPO > Health Entrance Tests 2-pupils > Flashcards

Health Entrance Tests 2-pupils Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior section of vascular tunic of the eye. in front of the lens and behind the cornea

A

iris

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2
Q

aperature within the iris through which light penetrates into the eye

A

pupil

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3
Q

persistent pupillary membrane

A

trace of embryologic mesoderm tissue

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4
Q

trace of embryologic mesoderm tissue

A

persistent pupillar membrane (PPM)

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5
Q

Epicapsular stars

A

persisent pigment of anterior surface of lens, dots on lens

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6
Q

persisent pigment of anterior surface of lens

A

epicapsular stars

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7
Q

mittendorf dot

A

on posterior surface of lens. one dot on crystallin lens

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8
Q

mydrasis

A

dilation

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9
Q

miosis

A

constriction

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10
Q

anisocoria

A

different size pupil

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11
Q

what do pupils do

A
  1. control retinal illumination
  2. facilitate light/dark adaptation
  3. reduce optical aberrations
  4. increase depth of focus
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12
Q

what is the size of a pupil

A

1.1-8.5 mm

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13
Q

waht is hippus

A

constantly changing pupil

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14
Q

oscillations independent of illumination level, convergence of psychological state

A

hippus or pupillary unrest

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15
Q

what does pupil size depend on

A
  1. light intensity (ligher=smaller)
  2. age (older=smaller)
  3. emotional state
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16
Q

what is amplitutde

A

the extent of the pupils response to light

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17
Q

what does the amplitutde depend on

A
  1. log intensity of light
  2. eccentricity of photoreceptors (depends which photorecptors)
  3. size of receptive field
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18
Q

what will the parasympatheitc system to do the pupil

A

constrict

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19
Q

what will the sympathic system do to the pupil

A

dilate

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20
Q

what are afferent pathways

A

eyes to the CNS (brain)

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21
Q

what are efferent pathways

A

from brain to the eye

22
Q

what is the iris

A

pigmented cells and muscle

23
Q

what is the sphincter

A

the annular band of smooth muscle that encircle pupillary border.

24
Q

what does the constriction of the sphicter do

A

miosos (constriction)

25
Q

waht is the sphicter innervated by

A

the sympathetic NS

26
Q

what is the dilator

A

myoepithelial cells taht run radially as a sheet in posterior iris

27
Q

what does constriction of the dilator do

A

mydrasis (dilate_

28
Q

what cuases the radial muscles to contract

A

the sympathetic stimulation

29
Q

what cuases the sphicter to contract

A

parasympathetic

30
Q

what kind of test is pupil testing

A

neuro-ophthalmologic

31
Q

which muscle is stronger of the spincter and dilator

A

spincter

32
Q

When changing view from distant to near, what do the eyes do (3)

A
  1. converge
  2. accommodate
  3. pupils constrict
33
Q

what happens when the spincter is relaxed

A

mydrasis (dilate)

34
Q

what happens to the dilator (radial) when the sympathetic is excited

A

muscle contracts for dilation

35
Q

topicomide and cyclopentolate are parasympathetic antagonists, what do they do to the eye. which muscle is affected.

A

dilate. the iris sphincter is relaxed which leads to dilation

36
Q

phenylephrine is a sympathetic agonist, which eye muscle is affected and what happens to it

A

dilator (radial muscle) is contracted (shrank) to lead to dilation

37
Q

what is the sympathetic pupillary pathway mediated by

A

hypothalamus

38
Q

the sympathetic pupillary pathway does not ____ and it is ______

A

cross (decussate), ipsilateral (same side)

39
Q

what is pupil dilation mostly of

A

parasympatheic inhibition (spincter) and also symp excitation

40
Q

what are the characteristics of physiological anisocoria

A
  1. long standning
  2. no ptosis
  3. no EOM abnormalities
  4. normal responses to light (D&C) and near
  5. asymmetry. equal bright=dim light
41
Q

in pathological aniscocoria, when the pt is in bright light, which pupil is the bad one? which pathway is affected?

A

the large pupil bc it cannot constrict. parasympathetic efferent pathway defect (spincter)

42
Q

in pathological aniscocoria, when the pt is in dim light, which pupil is the bad one? which pathway is affected?

A

the small pupil bc it can’t dilate. sympathetic pathway defect

43
Q

what could cause anisocoria (bright light scenario where pupil cannot constrict) 3 things

A
  1. damage to iris spincter
  2. pharmacologic blockade
  3. tonic pupils
44
Q

what is this disesease:

  • pupil doesn’t contrist
  • most common
  • young women (20-40),
  • no ptosis,
  • no eom abnormalities,
  • near reaponse dimished
  • decreased near vision
A

adie’s tonic pupil

45
Q

waht causes adie’s tonic pupil. which pupil is affected and why.

A

the dilator muscle is affected. lesion of ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves. spont. arising
-small pupil= bad eye (can’t dilate)

46
Q

what is this disease:

  • ipsilateral abnormal EOM
  • large ipsilateral ptosis
  • fixed dilated pupil
A

acute CN 3-palsy

47
Q

what is this disease:

  • small pupil dilates poorly in dim light
  • mild ipsilateral ptosis
  • small pupil doesn’t dilate
A

horners

48
Q

what is a grade 1 rapd

A

weak initial constriction followed by earlier release

49
Q

what is the grade: initial pupillary stall, no change, followed by dilation (escape)

A

grade 2

50
Q

what is the grade: no rxn to light, amaurotic (blind eye)

A

grade 4

51
Q

what is the grade: immeidate pupillary dilation

A

grade 3

52
Q

what is the grade: weak initial constriction followed by earlier release (dilation, escape)

A

grade 1

PPO (14 decks)

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