3 distinct hazmat operational modes
Offensive mode
Defensive mode
Nonintervention mode
MOTEL
Magnitude- trying to keep incident as small or limited as possible
Occurrence- preventing future event from occurring by influencing the current events ex.cooling a tank
Timing-trying to change when an event happens and/or how long it lasts
Effects-trying to reduce the size and/or effects of an event
Location-trying to change where the next event occurs ex. Moving a tank truck to patch it to a less populated area
Selecting strategic goals
Potential casualties and fatalities- will lives be saved by being aggressive?
Potential property damage or financial loss
Potential environmental damage
Potential disruption of the community
Political considerations
Confinement tactics
Absorption
Adsorption
Covering
Damming-overflow dam/underflow dam
Diking
Dilution
Diversion
Dispersion
Retention
Vapour dispersion
Vapour suppression
Containment tactics
Neutralization
Overpacking
Patching (plugging)
Pressure isolation and reduction
Solidification
The IC’s hazmat strategic goals include
Rescue
Public protective actions
Spill control or confinement
Leak control or containment
Fire control
Transfer and recovery
Strategy and tactics implemented by the IC can be…
Offensive
Defensive
Nonintervention
Usually uses a combo of tactics
The IC should analyze and visualize events at the emergency scene in 3 phases..
- Past events
- Present events
- Future events MOTEL
Tactical options used to buy time include:
Barriers
Distance
Time
Techniques
“First law of hot zone operations “
Be trained to play
Be dressed to play
Use the buddy system
Have a back up capability
Have an emergency Decon capability
Have IC’s approval for the entry/rescue ops
Hazmat rescue problems fall into 3 general categories
- Searching for and relocating people who will be immediately exposed and harmed by the hazmat as it gets worse
- Rescuing victims who have been disoriented or disabled by the hazmat
- Planning and execution of technical rescue
LNG in its liquid state is….
Methane!
LNG has an expansion ratio of..
600:1
LNG presents two primary hazards…
- Flammability
2. Liquid or vapour desperation
3 general tactical LNG problems
Fire
Vapour cloud release
Cryogenic spill
3 primary methods of liquid product transfer:
Gravity flow
Pump transfer
Pressure transfer
Absorption
The process of “picking up” or absorbing a liquid hazmat to prevent enlargement of contaminated area
Movement of toxic ant into the circulatory system by oral, dermal, or inhalation
Adsorption
Process of adhering to a surface, a common physical method of spill control and Decon
Damming
A physical method of confinement by which barriers are constructed to reduce the quantity of liquid flowing into the environment