Hand and Wrist Clinical Flashcards Preview

Systems: MSK AB > Hand and Wrist Clinical > Flashcards

Flashcards in Hand and Wrist Clinical Deck (21)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

How are the digits referred to?

A
D1: thumb
D2: index finger
D3: middle finger
D4: ring finger
D5: pinky finger
2
Q

What is the volar surface?

A

Palm

3
Q

What are the types of bones present in the hand?

A
  • 5 distal phalanges
  • 4 intermediate phalanges
  • 5 proximal phalanges
  • 5 metacarpals
  • Carpal bones
4
Q

What joints are present in the hand?

A
  • 4 DIPJ
  • 4 PIPJ
  • 1 IPJ
  • 5 MCPJ
  • 5 CMCJ
5
Q

Why is there an only an interphalangeal joint in the thumb?

A

Thumb has no middle phalanx

6
Q

Where are the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints found?

A

Only in the fingers (absent in the thumb)

7
Q

Name the carpal bones.

A
  • Scaphoid
  • Lunate
  • Hamate
  • Triquetrum
  • Pisiform
  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
8
Q

Why is there a risk of the proximal part of the scaphoid developing avascular necrosis if injured?

A
  • It has a retrograde blood supply (distal to proximal)
  • A fracture is therefore more difficult to heal
  • More proximal the fracture, the more likely to develop AVN.
9
Q

What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?

A
  • EPL
  • EPB and AP
  • Styloid process of radius
10
Q

What can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?

A
  • Radial artery
  • Radial styloid process
  • Scaphoid
  • Trapezium
  • Base of 1st metcarpal
11
Q

What flexor muscles can be found superficially in the anterior forearm?

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Pronator teres
12
Q

How is palmaris longus tested?

A
  • With wrist slightly flexed

- Oppose thumb and little finger

13
Q

What is the importance of palmaris longus?

A

Used in tendon transfers (auto grafts)

14
Q

What is the only tendon to act on the DIPJ

A

FDP

15
Q

How is FDP tested alone?

A

Isolate the DIPJ of the finger

16
Q

How is FDS isolated?

A
  • 2 tendons act at PIPJ, therefore to isolate FDS, you have to ‘take out’ FDP.
  • This can be done by holding the other fingers out straight, because FDP has a common muscle belly, whereas FDS has individual muscle bellies.
17
Q

What extensors are present in the forearm?

A
  • Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor digotorum communis and extensor inidicis
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
18
Q

What artery supplies the superficial arterial arch?

A

Ulnar artery

19
Q

What artery supplies the deep arterial arch?

A

Radial artery

20
Q

How is Allens test performed?

A
  • Occlude both arteries at wrist
  • Open and release fist until blanched
  • Release ulnar artery- should reperfuse in 15s
21
Q

When is it useful to perform Allen’s test?

A

Useful to do before using radial artery for repeated ABG’s or arterial lines