Flashcards in Hand and Wrist Clinical Deck (21)
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1
How are the digits referred to?
D1: thumb
D2: index finger
D3: middle finger
D4: ring finger
D5: pinky finger
2
What is the volar surface?
Palm
3
What are the types of bones present in the hand?
-5 distal phalanges
-4 intermediate phalanges
-5 proximal phalanges
-5 metacarpals
-Carpal bones
4
What joints are present in the hand?
-4 DIPJ
-4 PIPJ
-1 IPJ
-5 MCPJ
-5 CMCJ
5
Why is there an only an interphalangeal joint in the thumb?
Thumb has no middle phalanx
6
Where are the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints found?
Only in the fingers (absent in the thumb)
7
Name the carpal bones.
-Scaphoid
-Lunate
-Hamate
-Triquetrum
-Pisiform
-Trapezium
-Trapezoid
-Capitate
8
Why is there a risk of the proximal part of the scaphoid developing avascular necrosis if injured?
-It has a retrograde blood supply (distal to proximal)
-A fracture is therefore more difficult to heal
-More proximal the fracture, the more likely to develop AVN.
9
What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?
-EPL
-EPB and AP
-Styloid process of radius
10
What can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?
-Radial artery
-Radial styloid process
-Scaphoid
-Trapezium
-Base of 1st metcarpal
11
What flexor muscles can be found superficially in the anterior forearm?
-Flexor carpi ulnaris
-Palmaris longus
-Flexor carpi radialis
-Pronator teres
12
How is palmaris longus tested?
-With wrist slightly flexed
-Oppose thumb and little finger
13
What is the importance of palmaris longus?
Used in tendon transfers (auto grafts)
14
What is the only tendon to act on the DIPJ
FDP
15
How is FDP tested alone?
Isolate the DIPJ of the finger
16
How is FDS isolated?
-2 tendons act at PIPJ, therefore to isolate FDS, you have to ‘take out’ FDP.
-This can be done by holding the other fingers out straight, because FDP has a common muscle belly, whereas FDS has individual muscle bellies.
17
What extensors are present in the forearm?
-Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
-Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
-Extensor pollicis longus
-Extensor digotorum communis and extensor inidicis
-Extensor digiti minimi
-Extensor carpi ulnaris
18
What artery supplies the superficial arterial arch?
Ulnar artery
19
What artery supplies the deep arterial arch?
Radial artery
20
How is Allens test performed?
-Occlude both arteries at wrist
-Open and release fist until blanched
-Release ulnar artery- should reperfuse in 15s
21
