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Flashcards in Haematology quiz Deck (13)
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1
Q

20 year old African, acute abdomen, low Hb, raised WCC

A

Sickle cell anaemia

2
Q

12 year old girl, splenomegaly, jaundice, low Hb
Raised reticulocytes, spherocytes
- diagnosis
- inheritance

A

Spherocytosis

AD

3
Q

Haemolytic anaemia: differentials

a) Membrane
b) Hb
c) Enzyme
d) Acquired immune - will have a positive…?
e) Acquired mechanical

A

a) Spherocytosis
b) SCD
c) G6PD
d) Coombs’
e) DIC, intravascular haemolysis

4
Q

Polycythaemia

a) Congenital causes
b) Acquired/reactive causes

A

a) Polycythaemia rubra vera, congenital heart disease

b) Smoking, decreased plasma volume (relative polycythaemia)

5
Q

Macrocytic pancytopenia
- main causes (which in turn is often caused by…?) - investigations?

  • other causes of macrocytosis
A

B12/ folate deficiency (needed for RNA/DNA synthesis) - may be caused by pernicious anaemia or terminal ileal disease (Crohn’s, TB, lymphoma, Coeliac). Investigate with Intrinsic factor antibodies.

  • liver disease, hypothyroidism, alcoholism
6
Q

58 year old man: back pain

a) Differentials
b) Ix

A

a) MSK ( ), malignancy (myeloma, bony mets)

b) Myeloma (serum and urine electrophoresis, skeletal survey, bone marrow plasma cell excess), prostate (Alk Phos, PSA)

7
Q

Leukocytosis and neutropenia

a) Likely what pathogen type
b) Differentials

A

a) Viral

b) EBV, HIV

8
Q

65 year old woman, routine FBC:

Hb normal, raised WCC (lymphocytosis) - DD?

A

a) CLL (proliferation of mature lymphocytes)

9
Q

35 year old woman, gross splenomegaly

a) Hb normal, raised WCC, raised neutrophils
b) Chromosomal defect

A

a) CML, (DD for large spleen: myelofibrosis)

b) Philadelphia BCR: ABL (9 and 22)

10
Q

Clotting cascade

a) APTT tests the _____ pathway - raised time: DD?
b) PT tests the ______ pathway - raised time: DD?

A

a) Intrinsic - haemophilia A or B (XLR) - young boys, haemarthrosis (joint pain/swelling); vWD, heparin > warfarin, liver disease, DIC
b) Extrinsic - warfarin > heparin (WEPT), liver disease, DIC

11
Q

Artificial heart valve, unconscious, INR 8.5

  • likely diagnosis
  • Ix?
  • Rx?
A

a) Intracranial bleed
b) CT head
c) Stop warfarin, use Vitamin K and prothrombin complex

12
Q

23 year old girl, SOB, stridor, CXR mediastinal mass

a) DD?

A

a) Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Reed-Sternberg cells, alcohol-induced lymph node pain)

13
Q

65 year old woman, abdo pain, rigors, hypotension

  • Low Hb, high WCC, low platelets, long PT and APTT, raised D-Dimer, low fibrinogen
  • Management?
A

a) DIC (sepsis, obstetric emergencies, malignancy)