Greeks/Athens Flashcards
The ancient Greek developed a culture that shaped the ___ part Eurasia/
Western
The Greeks used logic and empirical ___ to develop ways of understanding the world around them that grew into modern ___ and ___.
Philosophy, Science
During the Hellenic period they developed a distinctive form of city-state known as the ___.
polis
Macedonian and Greek armies defeated the ___ Empire and spread Greek ideas as far as ___.
Persian, India
The southern peninsula of Greece is called the ___ and this peninsula and the islands that surround it are part of the ___ basin.
Peloponnese, Aegean
The ___ fragmentation of Greece encouraged ___ fragmentation.
geographical, political
On the large island of ___, the largest settlement was located at ___.
Crete;Southern Aegean Sea/Greece
The civilization on the largest island in Greece was named ___ after the mythical king of Crete,____.
Minoan, Minos
By 1650 BCE, a powerful kingdom was formed in the Peloponnese that established cities at ___, ___ and ___.
The archaeologists called this culture ___
Thebes, Athens An Mycenae
Mycenaean
Around 1450 BCE, the Mycenaean attacked ___ and eventually wars destroyed Minoan and Mycenaean cultures.
Crete
Around the “Dark Ages” of Greece two epic poems, the ___ and ___ were written and attributed to _________.
Iliad, Odyssey, Homer
During the Archaic Age, the most important change in this period was the development of the ___ a word generally translated as ___
polis, city-state
___ was a new type of political structure, and two distinctive types of government emerged in ___ and ___.
Polis, Athens, Sparta
In what sense was the polis more than a political institution and how did its small size impact the Greeks?
1) Community of citizens with their own customs and laws
2) Smallness enabled Greeks to see how they fit individually into the overall system
3) Individual parts made up the social whole
Elevated area where the people erected temples, altars, public monuments and various dedications to the gods of the polis.
Acropolis
Public square or market place where there were porticoes, shops, public buildings, and courts.
Agora
Heavily armed citizens who served as infantrymen and fought to defend the polis
Hoplites
Democracy translates as “the power of the ___” but in the Greek city-states it was actually rule by ___, not the people as a whole.
people, citizens
Women were ___ for religious and reproductive purposes, but it did not give them the right to participate in ___. This was by no means a modern democracy and the Greeks did not believe that all people are created___.
citizens, government, equal
Oligarchy literally means “the rule of the ___,” and was government by a small group of wealthy citizens.
few
An increase in population created more demand for ___ than the land could supply, so adventurous Greeks sailed perhaps as far away as the ___ Islands.
food, Canary
Colonization changed the entire Greek ___ both home and abroad.
World
Sparta became the leading ___ power in Greece.
millitary
In Sparta every citizen owed primary allegiance to ___.
Sparta
In Sparta, military training for males started at age ___ and most men were life-long ___.
7, soldiers
Sparta mothers told their sons that went to war to either come back ___ carrying the shield, or ___ carried on it.
victorious, dead
Instead of creating a state devoted to the ___, the Athenians created a state that became a ___.
military, democracy
In Athens, an aristocrat named Draco published a harsh law code, and today we label any harsh measures as ___.
Draconian
Athenian democracy functioned on the ideal that all full ___ should play a role in the government (this excluded women and slaves), but was open to all ___ citizens over eighteen years of age.
citizens, male
Between 500 and 338 BCE Greek civilization reached its peak as it beat back the armies of the ___ Empire, but then self-destructed during the ___ War.
Persian, Peloponnesian
The Greeks defeated the Persians at the Battle of ___ and a runner delivered the news of the victory from the battlefield to Athens.
Marathon
The Persians occupied Athens before the Greeks defeated their navy in the decisive Battle of ___
Salamis
After defeating the Persians, the Athenians formed the ___League which they turned into an Athenian ___. ___ was the political leader of Athens at this time.
Delian, Empire, Pericles
For the next generation Athens and Sparta engaged in conflict known as the ___ War, which ended in the defeat of Athenian imperialism.
Peloponnesian
A historian named ___ wrote about the Persian Wars and a historian named ___ wrote about the Peloponnese Ware which he described as a __ day that would bring great evil to the Greeks.
Herodotus, Thucydides, day
Pericles turned Athens into the ___ of Greece.
showplace
Pericles created a building program for the Acropolis of Athens which was crowned by a temple known as the ___ which featured a huge statue of ___.
Parthenon, Athena
Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides are considered great writers of Greek ___.
Tragedies
Athenians ate what is now called the ___ Diet, slavery was ___, women rarely played notable roles in public ___,
Mediterranean, commonplace, affaris
Same-sex relations were common in all of ancient Greece, women were generally seen as ___ to men, and the word ___ is Greek in origin.
inferior, lesbian
While the Greeks had myths and epics, some began to question and “sought ___ rather than ___ explanations for natural phenomena.’
rational, supernatural
The Pre-Socratics began an intellectual revolution that flourishes today, creating ___ and ___.
philosophy, science
Describe contributions of Socrates
ethics, Socratic irony, Socratic method
Describe contributions of Plato
student of Socrates, philosophy, mathematics and science
Describe the contributions of Aristotle
contributed to almost every aspect of human knowledge
