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07. Year 2: Alimentary System > Grand Tour of the Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Grand Tour of the Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are some functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion

Secretion

Absorption

Motility

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2
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

Break down foodstuff by chewing, saliva acting as a lubricant

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3
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

Conduit between the mouth and stomach

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4
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Digestion of proteins

Foodstuff reduced to liquid form

Storage

Sterilisation

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5
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

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6
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Produce bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in the small intestine

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7
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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8
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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9
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Water absorption

Bacterial fermentation and formation of faeces

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10
Q

In basic terms what is the alimentary canal?

A

Continuous hollow tube from the oesophagus to the rectum

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11
Q

How long is the alimentary canal?

A

About 8m long

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12
Q

What can be said about the structural formation of the alimentary canal throughout its length?

A

It is the same throughout its length with 4 distinct layers

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13
Q

What are the 4 distinct layers of the alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis external

Serosa/adventitia

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14
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Mouth

Oesophagus

Anal canal

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15
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium?

A

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

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16
Q

What is the functions of epithelium?

A

Separate lumen of alimentary canal from the body

Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones and mucus

Absorbs products of digestion

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17
Q

What are the layers of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium

Lamina propria

Muscularis mucosae

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18
Q

What is lamina propria?

A

Loose connective tissue (glands, blood and lymph vessels)

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19
Q

What is muscularis mucosae?

A

Thin smooth muscle layer

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20
Q

What is submucosa?

A

Thick, irregular connective tissue to support mucosa

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21
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Nuerons

Blood vessels

Lymphatic vessels

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22
Q

What do neurons form in the submucosa?

A

Submucosal plexus (parasympathetic)

23
Q

Is the submucosal plexus sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic

24
Q

Where are submucosal glands found?

A

Oesophagus

Duodenum

25
Q

What makes up the muscularis externa?

A

Two concentric thick layers of smooth muscles (inner layer and outer layer)

26
Q

What is the inner layer of the muscularis externa?

A

Circular muscle

27
Q

What is the outer layer of the muscularis externa?

A

Longitudinal muscle

28
Q

What is the function of the circular muscle?

A

Constrict lumen

29
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal muscle?

A

Shortens tube

30
Q

What is the function of the muscularis externa?

A

Produce motility for peristalsis and segmentation

31
Q

What is found between the circular and longitudinal muscle?

A

Myenteric plexus

32
Q

What is the enteric nervous system (ENS) formed from?

A

Submucosal and myenteric plexuses

33
Q

What does the enteric nervous system (ENS) allow?

A

Independent control of gut function

34
Q

What is the purpose of the adventitia outside of the peritoneum cavity?

A

Attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

35
Q

What is the difference between serosa and adventitia?

A

Serosa covers organs that freely move inside of a cavity

Adventitia bounds organs to supporting structures

36
Q

What kind of tissue is the serosa/adventitia?

A

Connective tissue

37
Q

What does serosa surround inside the peritoneal canal?

A

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

38
Q

What provides autonomic control of alimentary function?

A

Long (parasympathetic) and short (ENS) reflexes

39
Q

What provides parasympathetic innervation to alimentary function?

A

Vagus nerve (except salivation which is controlled by facial [VII] and glossopharyngael [IX] nerve

40
Q

What nerves control salivation?

A

Facial (VII) cranial nerve

Glossopharyngeal (IX) cranial nerve

41
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on alimentary function?

A

Increases secretion and motility

42
Q

What provides sympathetic innvervation to alimentary function?

A

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

43
Q

What effect does sympathetic innervation have on the alimentary function?

A

Decreases secretion and motility (except salivation)

44
Q

What 3 main arteries supply the GI tract?

A

Celiac trunk

Superior mesenteric artery

Inferior mesenteric artery

45
Q

What do the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric branch from?

A

Abdominal aorta

46
Q

What does the celiac trunk artery supply?

A

Stomach

Small intestine

Pancreas

Liver

47
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Small intestine

Caecum

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

48
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

49
Q

What veins drain the stomach?

A

Gastric veins

50
Q

What veins drain pancreas?

A

Splenic vein

51
Q

What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

A

Small intestine

Caecum

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

52
Q

What does inferior mesenteric vein drain?

A

Decending colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

53
Q

What veins drain into the hepatic portal vein?

A

Gastric veins

Splenic vein

Superior mesenteric vein

Inferior mesenteric vein

54
Q

What is the venous drainage from the hepatic portal vein?

A

Hepatic portal vein -> hepatic vein -> inferior vena cava

07. Year 2: Alimentary System (41 decks)

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