Grammar 36 | Verbs with Second Aorist

Question 1

2nd aorist construction rules

(indicative)

Answer 1

1. Standard verbs:
   [preposition +] ἐ + aorist stem + imperfect ending
   (e.g. καταλειπω -> κατ-ε-λιπ-ον)
2. Deponent verbs with deponent 2nd aorist:
   [preposition +] ἐ + aorist stem + deponent imperfect ending
   (e.g. γινομαι -> ἐ-γεν-ομην)
3. Deponent verbs with standard 2nd aorist:
   [preposition +] ἐ + aorist stem + imperfect ending
   (e.g. εῤχομαι -> ἠλθ-ον)
4. Occasionally, second aorist verbs use aorist endings instead of imperfect endings
   (e.g. λεγω -> εἰπαν instead of εἰπον)

Question 2

2nd aorist construction rules

(moods other than indicative)

Answer 2

1. Standard case:
   [preposition +] aorist stem + present ending
   (e.g. 2nd aorist imperative of εκβαλλω: εκβαλε, εκβαλετε)
2. Exception:
   2nd aorist of λεγω (εἰπον) keeps its ἐ-augment in moods other than indicative
   (e.g. 2nd aorist imperative: εἰπε, εἰπετε)

Question 3

verbs with alternative 2nd aorist endings

Answer 3

1. γινωσκω -> ἐγν_ων;_ ἀναγινωσκω -> ἀνεγν_ων_; ἐπιγινωσκω -> ἐπεγν_ων​_
2. ἀναβαινω -> ἀνεβ_ην_; καταβαινω -> κατεβ_ην_

Question 4

I knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 1st person singular)

Answer 4

ἐγνων

Question 5

you knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 2nd person singular)

Answer 5

ἐγνως

Question 6

he / she / it knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 3rd person singular)

Answer 6

ἐγνω

Question 7

we knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 1st person plural)

Answer 7

ἐγνωμεν

Question 8

you knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 2nd person plural)

Answer 8

ἐγνωτε

Question 9

they knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 3rd person plural)

Answer 9

ἐγνωσαν

Question 10

Know!

(2nd aorist imperative | 2nd person singular)

Answer 10

γνω

Question 11

Know!

(2nd aorist imperative | 2nd person plural)

Answer 11

γνωτε

Question 12

to know

(2nd aorist infinitive)

Answer 12

γνωναι

Question 13

having known

(2nd aorist participle | masculine nominative singular)

Answer 13

γνους

Question 14

having known

(2nd aorist participle | masculine nominative plural)

Answer 14

γνοντες

Question 15

I went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 1st person singular)

Answer 15

ἀνεβην

Question 16

you went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 2nd person singular)

Answer 16

ἀνεβης

Question 17

he / she / it went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 3rd person singular)

Answer 17

ἀνεβη

Question 18

we went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 1st person plural)

Answer 18

ἀνεβημεν

Question 19

you went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 2nd person plural)

Answer 19

ἀνεβητε

Question 20

they went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 3rd person plural)

Answer 20

ἀνεβησαν

Question 21

Go up!

(2nd aorist imperative | 2nd person singular)

Answer 21

ἀναβηθι

Question 22

Go up!

(2nd aorist imperative | 2nd person plural)

Answer 22

ἀναβητε

Question 23

to go up

(2nd aorist infinitive)

Answer 23

ἀναβηναι

Question 24

having gone up

(2nd aorist participle | masculine nominative singular)

Answer 24

ἀναβας

Question 25

having gone up

(2nd aorist participle | masculine nominative plural)

Answer 25

ἀναβαντες

Question 26

ἐγνων

Answer 26

I knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 1st person singular)

Question 27

ἐγνως

Answer 27

you knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 2nd person singular)

Question 28

ἐγνω

Answer 28

he / she / it knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 3rd person singular)

Question 29

ἐγνωμεν

Answer 29

we knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 1st person plural)

Question 30

ἐγνωτε

Answer 30

you knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 2nd person plural)

Question 31

ἐγνωσαν

Answer 31

they knew

(2nd aorist indicative | 3rd person plural)

Question 32

γνω

Answer 32

Know!

(2nd aorist imperative | 2nd person singular)

Question 33

γνωτε

Answer 33

Know!

(2nd aorist imperative | 2nd person plural)

Question 34

γνωναι

Answer 34

to know

(2nd aorist infinitive)

Question 35

γνους

Answer 35

having known

(2nd aorist participle | masculine nominative singular)

Question 36

γνοντες

Answer 36

having known

(2nd aorist participle | masculine nominative plural)

Question 37

ἀνεβην

Answer 37

I went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 1st person singular)

Question 38

ἀνεβης

Answer 38

you went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 2nd person singular)

Question 39

ἀνεβη

Answer 39

he / she / it went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 3rd person singular)

Question 40

ἀνεβημεν

Answer 40

we went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 1st person plural)

Question 41

ἀνεβητε

Answer 41

you went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 2nd person plural)

Question 42

ἀνεβησαν

Answer 42

they went up

(2nd aorist indicative | 3rd person plural)

Question 43

ἀναβηθι

Answer 43

Go up!

(2nd aorist imperative | 2nd person singular)

Question 44

ἀναβητε

Answer 44

Go up!

(2nd aorist imperative | 2nd person plural)

Question 45

ἀναβηναι

Answer 45

to go up

(2nd aorist infinitive)

Question 46

ἀναβας

Answer 46

having gone up

(2nd aorist participle | masculine nominative singular)

Question 47

ἀναβαντες

Answer 47

having gone up

(2nd aorist participle | masculine nominative plural)