Gonadal Hormones and Inhibitors II Flashcards

1
Q

what are the synthetic androgens

A

FOODS MN

Fluoxymesterone
Oxymetholone
Oxandrolone
Danazol
Stanozolol

Methyltestosterone
Nandrolone

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2
Q

importance of 5 alpha reductase

A

testosterone –> DHT (dihydroxytestosterone)

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3
Q

function of DHT

A
  • differentiates penis, scrotum, and prostate

- prostate gland growth, balding, sebaceous gland activity

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4
Q

use of androgens

A
  • hypogonadism
  • prevent osteoporosis by increasing bone density
  • aplastic anemia
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5
Q

AE of androgens

A
  • over masculinization
  • women: hirsutism, acne, enlarged clit, suppression of menses
  • Aggression and dependency
  • premature closure of epiphysis
  • Hepatic adenoma and prostatic hypertrophy
  • Cholestatic jaundice
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6
Q

what happens with over dosage of androgens

A

feminization due to negative feedback inhibition and conversion of testosterone to estrogen

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7
Q

mechanism and use of Danazol

A

androgen derivative that is also a partial agonist of progestin and glucocorticoid receptor

-used in endometriosis and fibrocystic disease of breast

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8
Q

AE of danazol

A

Hepatitis

Masculinizing effect - acne, hirsutism, menstrual disturbances

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9
Q

classes of the anti androgens

A

androgen receptor antagonist
5 alpha reductase inhibitor
steroid synthesis inhibitor

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10
Q

what are the main androgen receptor antagonists

A

Flutamide
Bicalutamide
Nilutamide

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11
Q

what are the anti androgen receptor antagonists used for (name them)

A

flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide

used together with GnRH analogues such as leuprolide and Goserelin to prevent initial flare up due to increase in gonadal hormones that occurs when treating with GnRH analogues

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12
Q

other anti androgen blockers (anti androgen receptor antagonist), their mechanisms, and their uses

A

Spironolactone: blocks aldosterone and competes with androgen receptors –> used for hirsutism

Cyproterone: progesteronal effect suppresses LH and FSH –> used for hirsutism and excessive sex drive in men

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13
Q

steroid synthesis inhibitor and its AE and use

A

ketoconazole used for prostate cancer

AE: inhibitor of CYP450

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14
Q

what is the 5 alpha reductase inhibitor

A

Finasteride: stops conversion of testosterone to DHT

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15
Q

uses of finasteride

A

BPH and promotes hair growth (DHT causes balding)

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16
Q

AE of finasteride

A

Gynecomastia
Teratogenicity
Impotence

17
Q

what are other treatment for BPH and their side effect

A

alpha 1 antagonist
Tamsulosin, Terazosin, etc

orthostatic hypotension and dizziness