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ZGoljan High Yields > Goljan High Yield Microbiology EC > Flashcards

Goljan High Yield Microbiology EC Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of action of Strep agalactiae (group B strep)

A

Inhibits phagocytosis

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2
Q

Cause of an immunodeficiency with high IgM

A

Defect in isotype switching

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3
Q

Cyclosporine necessary in identical twin transplant, why?

A

Still some difference in MHC sites from crossover of chromosomes during meiosis

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4
Q

Receptor for HIV

A

CD4 molecule on helper T cells (also macrophages and dendritic cells)

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5
Q

Tetany at birth

A

DiGeorge syndrome

Pure T cell deficiency due to absence of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches, absent thymic shadow

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6
Q

GVH reaction

A

Common in T cell deficiencies

must irradiate the donor blood to destroy lymphocytes (also destroys CMV)

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7
Q

CD common to both B and T cells

A

CD45 is present in all leukocytes

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8
Q

Hanta virus

A

Carried in rodents

ARDS, hemorrhage, renal failure, viral RNA in lung tissue (PCR test)

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9
Q

Staph aureus

A

Protein A attaches to Fc receptor of macrophages (blocks opsonization)

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10
Q

Proteus mirabilis

A

Moves with flagella

Urease +

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11
Q

C. diphtheria

A

Toxin inhibits elongation factor 2 by ADP-robisylation (blocks protein synthesis)

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12
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

requires sterols

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13
Q

Pneumonitis (larval transmigration) + ova in stools

A

Ascaris or hookworm (not strongyloides)

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14
Q

Latex agglutination reaction

A

Antibody to capsular antigens is attached to the beads

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15
Q

Locations of cells in lymph nodes

A

B=follicles
T=paracortex
Histiocytes=sinuses

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16
Q

Cells that attack protozoans

A

CD4 T cells

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17
Q

What gives bacteria their shape

A

peptidoglycan layer in cell wall

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18
Q

Tumbling motility, gram positive rod

A

Listeria monocytogenes
invades mononuclear cells, beta hemolysis
Transplacental infection
Renal transplant patients
Contracted from eating unpasteurized cheese

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19
Q

Gray membrane that bleeds when removed

A

Diphtheria

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20
Q

Dengue

A

Transmitted by Aedes mosquito (same as yellow fever)
“Breakbone fever”
May be hemorrhagic

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21
Q

Infection associated with premature rupture of the membrane

A

Group B strep

CAMP test

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22
Q

IL-1 function

A

Activates B cells

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23
Q

Location for staph aureus carriers

A

Anterior nares

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24
Q

River blindness

A

Onchocera (blackfly)
Do skin biopsy
Ivermectin

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25
Q

Rhinovirus

A 
Common cold (fall and winter)
Droplet infection and hands
Acid labile (does not cause gastroenteritis)
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26
Q

Virus responsible for a cold in spring and summer

A

Adenovirus

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27
Q

Lactobacillus in vagina

A

responsible for the acid of pH

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28
Q

Pruritic skin lesion in Gulf War veteran

A

cutaneous leishmaniasis

tsetse sandfly

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29
Q

Hib vaccine

A

Antibody against capsular polysaccharide

30
Q

In addition to the normal childhood immunizations, what additional immunizations are recommended in sickle cell disease and CF

A

Pneumococcus and influenza

31
Q

Which live vaccine can be given to patient with AIDS

A

MMR

32
Q

List the live vaccines

A

MMR, varicella, OPV, BCG, smallpox, yellow fever

33
Q

List the polysaccharide vaccines

A

Pneumococcus and Hib (also meningococcal)

34
Q

List the killed virus vaccines

A

Flu, rabies, SALK

35
Q

List the immunizations that are contraindicated in patients with anaphylactic reactions against eggs

A

Flu
MMR
Yellow fever

36
Q

List the immunizations that are contraindicated in patients with anaphylactic reactions against neomycin

A

MMR, varicella (neomycin used as preservative)

37
Q

Verrucoid lesion in lower extremity in a patient returning from South America

A

South American blastomycosis (pseudoblastomycosis)

Yeast with a ships-wheel appearance

38
Q

AIDS patient with 2 peaks in the natural history of his disease

A

p24 antigen

39
Q

ELISA test for HIV

A

anti-gp 120 antibodies

Confirm with Western blot

40
Q

Best test for detecting HIV viral burden in blood

A

HIV RNA by PCR

41
Q

Newborn baby in HIV positive mother

A

Newborn has Anti-gp 120 in the serum (IgG)

Prevent HIV in newborn by giving mother AZT

42
Q

Animal association with toxoplasmosis

A

Cat

43
Q

Most common cause of diarrhea in children

A

Rotavirus

44
Q

E. coli

A 
attaches to the urogenital epithelium
#1 cause of UTIs
45
Q

Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia

A

Defect in pre-B to B cells
Prone to respiratory infections
Need IV gamma globulin

46
Q

SCID

A

Adenosine deaminase deficiency

47
Q

Wiskott Aldrich

A

Sinopulmonary infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia, B and T cell deficiency, Increased leukemia/lymphoma

48
Q

Part of a vaccine that is antigenic

A

Polysaccharide capsule

49
Q

Person working with animal hides develops lung disease

A

Bacillus anthracis

50
Q

Cryptococcus

A

Evades host destruction via its polysaccharide capsule

51
Q

Child with anemia with diarrhea . . what parasite?

A

Hookworm
(produces iron deficiency)
(N. americanus
A. duodenale)

52
Q

Lymphocutaneous nodules in a rose gardener

A

Sporotrichosis

treat with potassium iodide

53
Q

Elderly male smoker with non-productive cough, bacteria fails to grow on ordinary media (must be supplemented with iron and cysteine) need Dieterle silver stain to identify.

A

Legionella pneumophila

Treat with erythromycin

54
Q

Macrophage activation

A

interferron-gamma secreted from Th1 cell

55
Q

IgA deficiency

A

Sinopulmonary disease (most common genetic immunodeficiency)

56
Q

On what chromosome is the HLA system coded?

A

6

57
Q

Hyperacute rejection of a transplant

A

ABO incompatibility or patient had anti-HLA antibodies against an HLA antigen in the graft
Type II hypersensitivity

58
Q

HLA-A,B,C code for the class I antigens

A

CD8 cytotoxic T-cells recognize

59
Q

HLA-DR, DQ, DP code for class II antigens

A

CD4 helper T cells and macrophages recognize

60
Q

GVH reaction

A

NK cell mediated
Common in bone marrow and liver transplants
Rash, jaundice, diarrhea, Danger in T cell deficient patients

61
Q

Receptor for EBV

A

CD21 on B cells
Polyclonal stimulator causing increased synthesis of immunoglobulins (reason for hypergammaglobulinemia in aids)
Increased divisions increase risk for t(8;14) Burkitt’s lymphoma

62
Q

CD type for histiocyte

A

CD1

Positive in patients with histiocytosis X (Hand-Schuller-Christian: Letterer-Siwe, eosinophilic granuloma)

63
Q

Destroy C. difficile in bedpans

A

autoclave

64
Q

Blastomycosis

A

Spored associated with beaver dams and inland water ways

Broad-Based-Bud

65
Q

Impetigo

A

Most commonly cause by Group A strep

66
Q

CD3

A

antigen recognition site for T cells

67
Q

Antigen that binds CD4 on T cells in HIV

A

gp120

68
Q

Risk for HIV if accidental needle stick from an HIV positive patient

A

1/330

Treat with triple therapy for 6 months and get ELISA test at repeated intervals

69
Q

Fever in malaria

A

Coincides with rupture of RBCs

70
Q

Malaria

A

Treat with primaquine and develop acute intravascular hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

ZGoljan High Yields (5 decks)

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