Glaucoma Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name the alpha agonists for glaucoma

A

epinephrine (alpha1) and brimonidine (alpha2)

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2
Q

Mechanism of alpha agonists for glaucoma

A

decrease aqueous humor synthesis (via vasoconstriction is alpha1 effect)

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3
Q

Side effects of epinephrine for glaucoma

A

mydriasis (alpha1); do NOT use in closed-angle glaucoma

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4
Q

Side effects of brimonidine for glaucoma

A

blurry vision, ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, ocular allergic reactions, ocular pruritis

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5
Q

Name the beta blockers for glaucoma

A

timolol
betaxolol
carteolol

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6
Q

Mechanism of beta blockers for glaucoma

A

decrease aqueous humor synthesis

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7
Q

Side effects of beta blockers for glaucoma

A

no pupillary or vision changes

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8
Q

Name the diuretic used for glaucoma

A

acetazolamide

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9
Q

Mechanism of acetazolamide for glaucoma

A

decrease aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase

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10
Q

Side effect of acetazolamide for glaucoma

A

no pupillary or vision changes

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11
Q

Name the direct cholinomimetics for glaucoma

A

pilocarpine

carbachol

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12
Q

Name the indirect cholinomimetics for glaucoma

A

physostigmine

echothiophate

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13
Q

Mechanism of direct/indirect cholinomimetics for glaucoma

A

increase outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork

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14
Q

Side effects of direct/indirect cholinomimetics for glaucoma

A

miosis (contraction of pupillary sphincter muscle)

cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary muscle)

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15
Q

Special note about pilocarpine for glaucoma

A

use in emergencies

very effective at opening meshwork into canal of Schlemm

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16
Q

Name the prostaglandin for glaucoma

A

latanoprost (PGF2alpha)

17
Q

Mechanism of latanoprost for glaucoma

A

increase outflow of aqueous humor

18
Q

Side effect of latanoprost for glaucoma

A

darkens color of iris (browning)