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Flashcards in Geriatrics Deck (79)
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1
Q

aging is characterized by a varying, progressive loss of functional reserve in what organs

A

ALL

2
Q

CV function declines ___% from 20-80yo

A

50%

3
Q

peripheral vasculature has increased wall thickness, increased diameter, and consequent stiffening of the aorta and large arteries, leading to less ability to vasodilator. this all means what

A

arteries are less compliant

4
Q

_______ is common d/t poorly complaint blood vessels, decreased CO, and increased Peripheral vascular resistance

A

Systemic HTN

5
Q

Myocardial changes include what?

A

increased LV wall thickness
decreased myocardial compliance
thickening of aortic valve cusps

6
Q

LV hypertrophy results from increased ______, secondary to elevated peripheral vascular resistance

A

Afterload

7
Q

impaired myocardial pump function and reduced CO will prolong what?

A

circulation time (that is circulation time increases)

8
Q

increased circulation time causes a decreased perfusion to the vessel rich group such as the

A

brain
heart
liver

9
Q

what happens to the lung volume and capacity in the elderly:
RV

A

INCREASE

10
Q

what happens to the lung volume and capacity in the elderly:
ERV

A

DECREASE

11
Q

what happens to the lung volume and capacity in the elderly:
FRC

A

INCREASES

12
Q

what happens to the lung volume and capacity in the elderly:
CC

A

INCREASES

13
Q

what happens to the lung volume and capacity in the elderly:
IC

A

DECREASED

14
Q

what happens to the lung volume and capacity in the elderly:
VC

A

DECREASED

15
Q

what happens to the lung volume and capacity in the elderly:
TLC

A

NO CHANGE

16
Q

the reduction in elastic tissue along with an increased amount of college equals a ___% reduction in functional alveolar surface area by age 70

A

15%

17
Q

what happens to CBF and brain mass

A

decrease about 20-30% (by age 80)

18
Q

what happens to cerebral auto regulation of blood flow

A

nothing-it is preserved

19
Q

what happens to intracranial volume?

A

decreases

- the most rapid reduction occurring in gray matter

20
Q

what happens to sensory block with spinals

A

increases

21
Q

Do you need to increases or decrease the dosing for epidural segmental dosing

A

decrease

22
Q

what happens to the doses for local and general anesthestics

A

decrease

23
Q

epidural volume tends to result in more extensive ___ spread

A

cephalad

24
Q

epidural volume tends to result in more extensive cephalad spread, but accompanied by a shorter _______ and _____

A

duration

motor block

25
Q

what happens to spinal anesthetics duration of action

A

longer

26
Q

what happens to MAC requirements

A

decreased MAC requirements

27
Q

what happens to the dose requirements of opioids, bento’s, barb’s, LA

A

all decreases

28
Q

what are 2 complications the elderly may face postop

A

POCD

Postop delerium

29
Q

Pharmacology:

administration of a ___-soluble drug may lead to a concentrated drug and quick effects, bc the Vd is SMALL

A

water

30
Q

Pharmacology:

if you admits a ____-solube drug you will get a lower plasma concentration and a decreased rate of elimination

A

Lipid

31
Q

Pharmacology:
I’ll state the change and you give the anesthetic consequence:
Decreased/contracted vascular volume

A

high initial plasma concentration

32
Q

Pharmacology:
I’ll state the change and you give the anesthetic consequence:
decreased protein binding

A

increased availability of free drug

33
Q

Pharmacology:
I’ll state the change and you give the anesthetic consequence:
increased body lipid storage sites

A

prolonged action of lipid soluble drugs

34
Q

Pharmacology:
I’ll state the change and you give the anesthetic consequence:
decreased renal and hepatic blood flow

A

prolonged action of drugs dependent on kidney and liver for elimination

35
Q

Pharmacology:

what are the only 2 real drugs that you have to increase the dose of and why

A

atropine- d/t increased vagal tone

isoproterenol (beta agonist)- adrenergic sensitivity decreases

36
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

LV thivkness

A

increase

37
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

LV hypertrophy

A

increase

38
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

cardiac reserve

A

decrease

39
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

cardiac output

A

decrease

40
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

cardiax index

A

decrease

41
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

resting HR

A

decrease

42
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

LV wall tension

A

increase

43
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

afterload

A

increase

44
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

CV workload

A

increase

45
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

SYSTOLIC bp

A

increase

46
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

LV compliance

A

decrease

47
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

stroke volume

A

decrease

48
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

perfusion to vital organs

A

decrease

49
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

peripheral vascular resistance

A

increases

50
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

circulation time

A

increases

51
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

chronotropic and inotropic effects

A

decreases

52
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

conduction fibrosis and SA node cell loss

A

increases

53
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

incidence of dysrhythmias

A

increases

54
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

Vagal tone

A

increases

55
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

Baroreceptor fiunction

A

decreases

56
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

Adreergic sensitivity

A

decreases

57
Q

CV summary: increase or decrease

systolic HTN

A

increases

58
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

vocal cord stimulation for closure

A

increases

59
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

elastin fiber elasticity

A

decreeases

60
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

tissue elasticity

A

decreases

61
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

Lung recoil

A

decreases

62
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

Airway obstruction

A

increases

63
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

risk of aspiration

A

increases

64
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

Pulmonary compliances

A

increases

65
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

Physiological deadspace

A

increases

66
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

alveolar functional surface area

A

decreases

67
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

ability to cough

A

decrease

68
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

chest wall compliance

A

decrease

69
Q
Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease
Vital Capacity (VC)
A

decreases

70
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

work of breathing

A

increaes

71
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

hypoxia potential

A

increases

72
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

FRC

A

increases

73
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

Hypoxia and hypercapnia responses

A

decreases

74
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

protective reflexes

A

decreases

75
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

Closing volume and closing capacity

A

increases

76
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

Alveolar compliance

A

increases

77
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

opiod respiratory depression

A

increases

78
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

Cervical spine and TMJ mobilty

A

decreass

79
Q

Pulmonary summary: increase or decrease

ease of mask ventilation

A

decreases