Genetics - Who and what to test

Question 1

what kind of mutations are the most common cause of cancer

Answer 1

post-zygotic mutations

Question 2

cancer cells require genomic …

Answer 2

instability

Question 3

oncogenes

Answer 3

switch cells on for cell division

Question 4

driver mutations

Answer 4

mutations that promote carcinogenesis

Question 5

passenger mutations

Answer 5

incidental mutations that occur because the tumour is unstable

Question 6

point mutations occur in

Answer 6

genes

Question 7

name 3 chromosome abnormalities

Answer 7

translocation
duplication
multiplication

Question 8

activating braf can cause

Answer 8

melanoma

Question 9

commonest pattern of inheritance for cancer risk

Answer 9

multifactoral

Question 10

mutations in BRCA1 increase the risk of ____ cancer by 80% and is autosomal _____

Answer 10

breast, dominant

Question 11

10 year risk of 3% is what risk

Answer 11

medium

Question 12

10 year risk of 8% is what risk

Answer 12

high risk

Question 13

a person with the brca mutation has a ____ risk of _____ cancer

Answer 13

high risk of breast caner

Question 14

in multifactoral inheritance

disease = _____ + _____

Answer 14

genotype + environment

Question 15

polymorphism

Answer 15

a change in the genome that does not cause disease in its own right

Question 16

autosomal dominant inheritance is related to the

Answer 16

two hit hypothesis

Question 17

MLH1 is tested for everyone with ____ cancer in scotland

Answer 17

bowel

Question 18

what is the hormone therapy that is used to treat and prevent breast cancer

Answer 18

tamoxifen

Question 19

mammography is used for

Answer 19

diagnosis and screening of breast cancer

Question 20

most common mutation that will activate an oncogene

Answer 20

missense mutation