Flashcards in Genetics Test Deck (79)
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1
What is genetics?
scientific study of heredity
2
What is fertilization?
the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
3
What is true-breeding?
term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate.
4
what is a trait?
specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
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What is a hybrid?
offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.
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What is a gene?
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait.
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What is an allele?
one of a number of different forms of a gene
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what is a gamete?
specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
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What does homozygous mean?
term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait.
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what does heterozygous mean?
term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
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What is a phenotype?
physical characteristics of an organsim
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genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
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independent assortment
independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
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incomplete dominance
situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
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codominance
situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
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multiple alleles
three or more alleles of the same gene
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polygenic traits
traits controlled by two or more genes
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gene map
diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosomes
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transformation
process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
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transcription
process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary strand of RNA
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translation
decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
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intron
sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
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exon
expressed sequence of Dna; codes for a protein
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codon
three nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
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anticodon
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
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mutation
change in DNA sequence that affects genetic information
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What did Gregor Mendel do?
he worked with peas, wanting to cross pollinating them to see what traits would appear in the offspring
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hybrid
the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
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what did Mendel conclude?
From these experiments, Mendel concluded that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
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