Genetics 3 Flashcards Preview

ABS > Genetics 3 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Genetics 3 Deck (19)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

molecular cloning=

A

process of growing large quantities of the DNA sequence of interest

2
Q

clone=

A

recombinant DNA molecule that has the same identical transferred segment DNA

3
Q

what do restriction enzymes do?

A
  • they recognize specific double stranded sequence in DNA

- they cleave phosphodiester backbones of dsDNA at or near the recognition site

4
Q

what is a vector?

A
  • a DNA molecule that can replicate autonomously in a host such as bacterial or yeast cells
  • a plasmid
5
Q

what is a BAC

A

a bacterial artificial chromosome vectors

6
Q

human DNA fragment inserted into a vector molecule using what

A

DNA ligase

7
Q

what do plasmids consist of

A

circular, double stranded DNA molecules

8
Q

what is complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries

A
  • contains only the exons thus is a direct representation of the coding
  • can be derived from major mRNA transcripts that are selectively expressed
9
Q

what are the “ingredients for the perfect DNA”

A
  • mRNA with a polyA tail
  • reverse transcriptase
  • cDNA strand
  • vectors
  • ligase
10
Q

what is nucleic acid hybridization used for?

A

-used to perform a “library screening” to ID clone carrying specific DNA insert of interest

11
Q

what is southern blotting used for?

A

standard method of analyzing specific fragments of DNA sequences cleaved by restriction enzymes

12
Q

major pit fall of southern blotting

A

does not identify mutations that are small like single base, insert, or deletes

13
Q

northern blotting involves

A

similar to southern blotting but involves the single stranded RNA

14
Q

what is PCR an alternative for?

A

alternative for cloning for generating essentially unlimited amounts of a sequence of interest

15
Q

how does PCR work? (basic)

A
  • can selectively amplify a single molecule of DNA several billion fold in a few hours
  • utilizes enzymatic application of a fragment of DNA
16
Q

what things are needed for PCR reaction

A
  • fragment of DNA (target) between two oligonucleotide “primers”
  • primers designed to be complementary to one strand of DNA molecule
  • heat to denature double stranded fragments
17
Q

advantages of PCR

A
  • can generate sufficient quantities of specific genes from DNA samples for the analysis of mutations
  • sensitive, fast, less expensive, less sampling
18
Q

western blot is

A

technique in examining one or more proteins in a sample of cells or tissues

19
Q

what does western blot analyze specifically

A

-analysis of both normal and abnormal gene function through examination of protein encoded by the normal or mutant gene