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Biology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Genotype

A

DNA sequence; combination of alleles

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2
Q

Phenotype

A

Characteristic resulting from DNA sequence

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3
Q

Allele

A

Alternate forms of a gene

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4
Q

Gene

A

General area of DNA coding for a trait

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5
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit of life

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6
Q

Adenine

A

DNA base (couples with thymine)

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7
Q

Thymine

A

DNA base (couples with adenine)

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8
Q

Guanine

A

DNA base (couples with cytosine)

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9
Q

Cytosine

A

DNA base (couples with guanine)

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10
Q

Organelle

A

Specialised structures within a cell

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelle that converts glucose to energy

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12
Q

Mutation

A

Permanent change in DA sequence

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13
Q

Denaturing

A

When a protein loses its function

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14
Q

Diploid

A

Containing two complete sets of chromosomes - one from each parent (2N)

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15
Q

Haploid

A

Containing one complete set of unpaired chromosomes

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16
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division resulting in perfect replication. Makes somatic cells—non-sex cells.

17
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division creating gametes (sex cells) - gametic cells (sperm and egg)

18
Q

Somatic cell

A

any cell of a living organism other than sex cells

19
Q

Gametic cell

A

Sex cells of a living organism

20
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilised sex cell

21
Q

Punnett square

A

Diagram to map genetic probability

22
Q

Genotipic ratio

A

Ratio of alleles, example- bb : bB : BB

23
Q

Phenotipic ratio

A

ratio of characteristics, example- Brown Eyes : Blue Eyes

24
Q

Homozygous (dominant)

A

Ratio of dominant alleles (BB)

25
Q

Homozygous (recessive)

A

Ratio of recessive alleles (bb)

26
Q

Heterozygous

A

Ratio of Mixed alleles (bB)

Biology (1 decks)

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