Genetic Engineering Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Genetic Engineering Deck (13)
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1
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Where the genes from one organism are given to another organism.

2
Q

Why do we do genetic engineering?

A

To give the characteristics (features) of one organism to another organism.

3
Q

How do we remove a gene from the chromosome of an organism?

A

We use an enzyme to ‘cut’ the gene out.

4
Q

How do we insert a gene into the chromosome of an organism?

A

We ‘cut’ a space in the chromosome using an enzyme.

We insert the gene into the chromosome using an enzyme.

5
Q

Give an example of genetic engineering.

A

Inserting a human insulin gene into bacteria so that they can make us insulin for diabetics.

6
Q

What is insulin?

A

A hormone that allows humans to absorb sugar.

7
Q

If a human cannot produce insulin properly then we say they have…

A

diabetes.

8
Q

When can we insert genes into a plant or animal?

A

When they are at an early stage of development (embryo)

9
Q

Crops that have been genetically engineered are sometimes called…

A

Genetically Modified Crops (GM Crops)

10
Q

Which genes do we insert into crops to make them have better characteristics?

A

Disease resistance genes
Insect resistance genes
Herbicide resistance genes

11
Q

What is a herbicide?

A

A chemical that kills plants (weed killer)

12
Q

What are the advantages of genetically modified (GM) crops?

A

Increased crop yields (more crops)

Crops contain extra nutrients.

13
Q

What are the disadvantages of genetically modified (GM) crops?

A

GM crops out-compete nearby plants.

Some people worry that GM crops may not be safe to eat.