Genetic Engineering Flashcards Preview

Grade 12 LS 2020 > Genetic Engineering > Flashcards

Flashcards in Genetic Engineering Deck (11)
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1
Q

Genetic engineering

A

Direct manipulation of the genes of an organism

2
Q

How, in theory, is genetic modification used to obtain a desired characteristic in a target organism?

A

The relevant gene from one cell in one organism is transferred to a cell forming the target organism

3
Q

Transgenic organism

A

The organism that has a gene that was transferred from an different organism

4
Q

Steps in the process of forming a GMO

A
  1. Relevant gene identified and extracted
  2. Isolated gene transferred using a vector (e.g. a virus)
  3. Gene integrated in organisms genome
  4. The correct protein is synthesised and desired trait expressed
5
Q

GMO

A

Genetically modified organism

6
Q

recombinant DNA

A

New DNA sequence formed in a cell as a result of genetic engineering

7
Q

The integration of genes in cells with faulty or missing genes as a treatment for an affected organism

A

Gene therapy

8
Q

Uses of GMO’s for human benefit

A
  • Synthesis of medical drugs
  • Cloning
  • New crop varieties
  • Stem cell research
9
Q

Example medical uses of GMO’s

A
  • Production of insulin
  • Production of vaccines
10
Q

A disease where the pancrease does not produce sufficient functional insulin

A

Diabetes mellitus

11
Q

Past source of insulin for treating diabetics

A
  • Insulin was extracted from slaughtered cattle and pigs
  • Very expensive
  • Small quantities