General Science & Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Define matter

A

everything around us that has matter and occupies space

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2
Q

Define elements

A

primary substances that all matter in the universe is composed of

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3
Q

Define atom

A

smallest piece of an element, simplest unit of matter

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4
Q

Define molecule

A

chemical structure composed of more than one atom

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5
Q

Define compound

A

a molecule that contains atoms of more than one element

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6
Q

Atomic symbol for Carbon

A

C

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7
Q

Atomic symbol for Hydrogen

A

H

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8
Q

Atomic symbol for Oxygen

A

O

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9
Q

Atomic symbol for Nitrogen

A

N

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10
Q

Atomic symbol for Calcium

A

Ca

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11
Q

Atomic symbol for Potassium

A

K

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12
Q

Atomic symbol for Chlorine

A

Cl

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13
Q

Atomic symbol for Magnesium

A

Mg

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14
Q

Describe calciums importance to the body

A

found in bones and teeth, important for membrane function, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and blood clotting

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15
Q

Describe potassiums importance to the body

A

proper membrane function, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction

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16
Q

Describe chlorines importance to the body

A

membrane function and water absorption

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17
Q

Describe magnesiums importance to the body

A

required for activation of several enzymes

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18
Q

List the subatomic particles

A

protons, neutrons, and electrons

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19
Q

Define proton

A

positively charged atom particle found in the nucleus

20
Q

Define neutron

A

particle with no electric charge found in the nucleus of an atom

21
Q

Define electron

A

negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom

22
Q

Define atomic weight

A

average mass or weight of an atom

23
Q

Define atomic number

A

number of protons in an atom

24
Q

Define ion

A

atoms or molecules with a + or - charge; cations (+) and anions (-)

25
Q

Define cation

A

an ion with a positive charge

26
Q

Define anion

A

an ion with a negative charge

27
Q

Describe ionic bond

A

a weak bond between a cation and an anion, attraction is the result of two molecules or atoms wiht opposite charges, ex. sodium chloride molecule

28
Q

Describe covalent bond

A

strong bond comprised of molecules and atoms sharing electrons, ex. oxygen and hydrogen molecules

29
Q

Describe polar covalent bonds

A

covalent bonds where one atom or molecule has a greater attraction to the other, resulting in electrons of the opposite atom or molecule spending more time on the other atom or molecule resulting in a negative charge, ex. water

30
Q

Describe hydrogen bonds

A

the attraction of a hydrogen atom and a negatively charged atom in another molecule or at another site in the same molecule, ex. water molecule

31
Q

Define chemical reactions

A

the breaking apart of bonds between atoms and rearranged into new combinations

32
Q

Describe the importance of chemical reactions to the human body

A

they are necessary to sustain life

33
Q

Define metabolism

A

all the chemical reactions in the body

34
Q

Define work

A

movement or a change in chemical structure

35
Q

Define energy

A

capacity to perform work

36
Q

Define kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

37
Q

Define potential energy

A

stored energy

38
Q

Define decomposition reactions

A

breaking down a molecule into smaller fragments

39
Q

Define synthesis reactions

A

assembles larger molecules from smaller components

40
Q

Define catabolism

A

the breakdown of complex molecules within cells

41
Q

Define anabolism

A

the synthesis of new compounds in the body

42
Q

Describe the change in chemical reaction rates by temperature

A

increasing temperature increases reaction rates and conversly, lowering temperature slows reaction rates

43
Q

Describe the change in chemical reaction rates due to partical size

A

smaller particles provide increased surface area for a given mass reslulting in a greater chance of collision of the reacting molecules speeding up the reactions

44
Q

Describe the change in chemical reaction rates by catalysts

A

enzymes that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up in the process

45
Q

Describe the change in chemical reaction rates due to concentration

A

increases the rate of chemical reactions