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ASVAB > GENERAL SCIENCE > Flashcards

GENERAL SCIENCE Flashcards

SCIENCE

1
Q

WHAT IS THE FORMULA TO CONVERT CELSIUS TO FARENHEIT?

A

F=9/5C+32

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2
Q

WHAT IS THE FORMULA TO CONVERT FARENHEIT TO CELSIUS?

A

C=5/9(F-32)

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3
Q

NAME THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FROM LARGEST TO SMALLEST.

A
  1. ) KINGDOM
  2. ) PHYLUM
  3. ) CLASS
  4. ) ORDER
  5. ) FAMILY
  6. ) GENUS
  7. ) SPECIES
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4
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 MAIN KINGDOMS?

A
  1. ) ANIMALS
  2. ) PLANTS
  3. ) MONERANS (BACTERIA)
  4. ) PROTISTS (ONE-CELLED ORGANISMS)
  5. ) FUNGI
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5
Q

HOW IS THE SCIENTIFIC NAME FOR AN ORGANISM DERIVED?

A

GENUS FIRST, THEN SPECIES

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6
Q

WHAT ARE THE FIVE MAJOR HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS?

A
  1. ) CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  2. ) CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
  3. ) DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
  4. ) MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
  5. ) REPIRATORY SYSTEM
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7
Q

WHAT COMPONENTS MAKE UP THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND NERVES

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8
Q

WHAT COMPONENTS MAKE UP THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

A

HEART, BLOOD, AND BLOOD VESSELS

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9
Q

WHAT COMPONENTS MAKE UP THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?

A

MOUTH, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES, RECTUM, AND ANUS

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10
Q

WHAT COMPONENTS MAKE UP THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM?

A

BONES, JOINTS, VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES

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11
Q

WHAT COMPONENTS MAKE UP THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?

A

NOSE, NASAL CAVITY,TRACHEA, LUNGS, AND BLOOD

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12
Q

WHAT BODY SYSTEM RECIEVES, PROCESSES, AND RESPONDS TO ALL PHYSICAL STIMULI?

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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13
Q

WHAT BODY SYSTEM DELIVERS OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE REST OF THE BODY AND RETURNS THE BLOOD TO THE HEART TO BE OXYGENATED AGAIN?

A

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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14
Q

WHAT BODY SYSTEM BREAKS DOWN FOOD INTO SMALLER SUBSTANCES THAT THE BODY CAN ABSORB AND PROCESS INTO ENERGY AND ELIMINATES THE RESULTING WASTE?

A

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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15
Q

WHAT BODY SYSTEM INCLUDES BONES THAT SUPPORT THE BODY’S MUSCLES AND ORGANS; JOINTS THAT ALLOW BOONES TO MOVE; INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES, WHICH YOU CAN’T CONTROL?

A

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

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16
Q

WHAT BODY SYSTEM ALLOWS YOU TO INHALE AIR, USING OXYGEN IN THE AIR TO RELEASE ENERGY, AND EXHALE THE CARBON DIOXIDE THAT RESULTS FROM THIS PROCESS?

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE MAIN PARTS OF A CELL?

A
  1. ) NUCLEUS
  2. ) CYTOPLASM
  3. ) CELL MEMBRANE ( PLASMA MEMBRANE)
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18
Q

WHAT PART OF A CELL CONTROLS THE CELLULAR ACTIVITY?

A

NUCLEUS

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19
Q

WHAT PART OF THE CELL CONTAINS MANY CHEMICALS THAT CARRY OUT THE LIFE PROCESS OF THE CELL?

A

CYTOPLASM

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20
Q

WHAT PART OF THE CELL HOLD THE CELL TOGETHER?

A

CELL MEMBRANE

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21
Q

HOW DO PLANT CELLS DIFFER FROM ANIMAL CELLS?

A
  1. ) PLANT CELLS HAVE A CELL WALL
  2. ) PLANT CELLS HAVE LARGER VACUOLES (STORAGE AREAS)
  3. ) MANY PLANT CELLS CONTAIN CHLOROPLASTS (HOLDS THE CHEMICAL NECESSARY FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
  4. ) MOST PLANT CELLS DONT HAVE CENTRIOLES (STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN CELL DIVISION)
  5. ) PLANT CELLS DON’T HAVE LYSOSOMES (SACS OF ENZYMES)
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22
Q

WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL PROCESS WITHIN A CELL THAT IS NECESSARY FOR LIFE TO BE MAINTAINED CALLED?

A

METABOLISM

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23
Q

WHAT IS THE MOVEMENT OF WATER THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE CALLED?

A

OSMOSIS

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24
Q

WHAT IS THE ACQUISITION OF PARTICLES OF MATERIAL FROM OUTSIDE OF THE CELL; ACCOMPLISHED BY SURROUNDING THE PARTICLES AND PASSING THEM THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE CALLED?

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

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25
Q

WHAT IS THE CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER INTO GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN CALLED?

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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26
Q

WHAT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH FOOD IS BROKEN DOWN TO PRODUCE ENERGY CALLED?

A

CELLULAR RESPIRIATION

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27
Q

HOW MANY PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES DOES A PERSON HAVE?

A

23 PAIRS; EACH PAIR MADE FROM ONE CHROMOSOME FROM THE MOTHER AND ONE FROM THE FATHER

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28
Q

WHAT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH THE NUCLEUS OF A CELL DIVIDES, FROMING TWO CELLS AND TWO IDENTICAL SETS OF CHROMOSOMES?

A

MITOSIS

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29
Q

WHAT IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH EACH SEXCELL DIVIDES INTO FOUR CELLS, EACH CONTAINING ONLY HALF THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES AS A NONSEX CELL?

A

MEISOSIS

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30
Q

IF SOMEONE HAS TWO X CHROMOSOMES THEY MUST BE

A

FEMALE

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31
Q

IF SOMEONE HAS ONE X CHROMOSOME AND ONE Y CHROMOSOME, THEY MUST BE

A

MALE

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32
Q

ALL MATTER IS MADE UP OF BASIC SUBSTANCES THAT ARE CALLED?

A

ELEMENTS

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33
Q

WHAT IS THE FORCE THAT GRAVITY EXERTS ON MASS CALLED?

A

WEIGHT

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34
Q

WHAT IS THE SMALLEST PART OF AN ELEMENT THAT STILL RETAINS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THAT ELEMENT CALLED?

A

ATOM

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35
Q

WHAT ARE THE SMALL PIECES OF MATTER THAT MAKE UP AN ATOM CALLED?

A

PARTICLES

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36
Q

WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES THAT FLOAT AROUND THE ATOM’S NUCLEUS CALLED?

A

ELECTRONS

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37
Q

WHAT IS THE ATOM’S NUCLEUS (CORE) MADE UP OF?

A

NEUTRONS AND PROTONS

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38
Q

WHAT ARE PARTICLES WITH NO CHARGE CALLED?

A

NEUTRONS

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39
Q

WHAT ARE POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES CALLED?

A

PROTONS

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40
Q

WHAT IS AN ATOMIC NUMBER EQUAL TO?

A

THE NUMBER OF PROTONS AN ELEMENT HAS.

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41
Q

WHAT IS CREATED WHEN TWO ATOMS COMBINE?

A

MOLECULES

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42
Q

WHAT IS A COMPOUND?

A

TWO OR MORE ATOMS FROM DIFFERENT ELEMENTS.

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43
Q

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE MASS OF ONE ATOM OF AN ELEMENTM CALLED?

A

ATOMIC WEIGHT

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44
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 1?

A

HYDROGEN

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45
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 2?

A

HELIUM

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46
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 6?

A

CARBON

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47
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 7?

A

NITROGEN

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48
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 8?

A

OXYGEN

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49
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 11?

A

SODIUM

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50
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 26?

A

IRON

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51
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 29?

A

COPPER

52
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’‘S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 79?

A

GOLD

53
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 80?

A

MERCURY

54
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 82?

A

LEAD

55
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 92?

A

URANIUM

56
Q

WHAT ELEMENT’S ATOMIC NUMBER IS 94?

A

PLUTONIUM

57
Q

WHAT IS KINETIC ENERGY?

A

MOTION ENERGY

58
Q

WHAT RESULTS FROM A CHEMICAL REACTION?

A

NEW MOLECULES ARE CREATED.

59
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO KINDS OF SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN A CHEMICAL REACTION?

A

REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS

60
Q

WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OR MOLECULES THAT RESULT FROM A CHEMICAL REACTION CALLED?

A

PRODUCTS

61
Q

WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OR MOLECULES INVOLVED IN A CHEMICAL REACTION CALLED?

A

REACTANTS

62
Q

WHAT CONTAINS 99.8% OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM’S MASS?

A

THE SUN

63
Q

THE FLOW OF GASES AND PARTICLES THAT BURST OUT IN SOLAR ERUPTIONS IS CALLED

A

SOLAR WIND

64
Q

WHAT IS THE OVAL-SHAPED PATTERN THAT PLANETS REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN CALLED?

A

ELLIPSE

65
Q

WHAT ARE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS MOSTLY MADE OF?

A

IRON AND ROCK

66
Q

WHAT ARE THE GASEOUS LAYERS OF THE OUTER PLANETS MADE OF?

A

HYDROGEN AND HELIUM

67
Q

WHAT TWO PLANETS DONT HAVE MOONS?

A

MERCURY AND VENUS

68
Q

WHAT IS IT CALLED WHEN THE MOON MOVES INTO THE EARTH’S SHADOW?

A

A LUNAR ECLIPSE

69
Q

WHAT IS IT CALLED WHEN THE EARTH MOVES INTO THE MOON’S SHADOW?

A

A SOLAR ECLIPSE

70
Q

IF THE EARTH IS POSITIONED BETWEEN THE SUN AND THE MOON, THERE IS A…

A

LUNAR ECLIPSE

71
Q

WHEN THE MOON IS POSITIONED BETWEEN THE EARTH AND SUN, THERE IS A…

A

SOLAR ECLIPSE

72
Q

HOW MANY MOONS DOES MERCURY HAVE?

A

0

73
Q

HOW MANY MOONS DOES VENUS HAVE?

A

0

74
Q

HOW MANY MOONS DOES EARTH HAVE?

A

1

75
Q

HOW MANY MOONS DOES MARS HAVE?

A

2 TINY SATELLITES

76
Q

HOW MANY MOONS DOES JUPITER HAVE?

A

63

77
Q

HOW MANY MOONS DOES SATURN HAVE?

A

61

78
Q

HOW MANY MOONS DOES URANUS HAVE?

A

27

79
Q

HOW MANY MOONS DOES NEPTUNE HAVE?

A

13

80
Q

HOW MANY MOOONS DOES PLUTO (DWARF PLANET) HAVE?

A

3

81
Q

WHAT PLANETS HAVE RINGS?

A
  1. ) SATURN
  2. ) JUPITER
  3. ) URANUS
  4. ) NEPTUNE
82
Q

WHAT IS A METEOR?

A

A ROCK FROM SPACE THAT HITS EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE AND GLOWS AS IT HEATS UP, RESULTING IN A BRIEF STREAK OF LIGHT (SHOOTING STAR) THAT USUALLY BURNS UP WHEN IT ENTERS THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE.

83
Q

WHAT IS A METEOR THAT HITS THE EARTH CALLED?

A

METEORITE

84
Q

WHAT IS A COMET?

A

A SNOWBALL COMPOSED MAINLY OF ICE AND ROCK. WHEN IT HITS THE SUN’S ATMOSPHERE, THE ICE IN ITS NUCLEUS TURNS TO GAS. THE GAS SHOOTS OUT OF THE SUNLIT SIDE OF THE COMET , THE SOLAR WIND THEN CARRIES THE GAS OUTWARD IN A LONG TAIL.

85
Q

WHAT IS A LONG-PERIOD COMET?

A

A COMET THAT TAKES MORE THAN 200 YEARS TO ORBIT THE SUN.

86
Q

WHAT IS SHORT-PERIOD COMET?

A

A COMET THAT COMPLETES ITS ORBIT AROUND THE SUN IN LESS THAN 200 YEARS.

87
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER TERM FOR AN ASTEROID?

A

MINOR PLANET

88
Q

WHERE IS THE ASTEROID BELT LOCATED?

A

BETWEEN MARS AND JUPITER.

89
Q

WHAT DOES GEOLOGY REFER TO?

A

THE EARTH’S PHYSICAL APPERANCE.

90
Q

WHAT DOES METEROLOGY REFER TO?

A

THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE.

91
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE LAYERS OF THE EARTH?

A
  1. ) CRUST
  2. ) MANTLE (AND UPPER MANTLE)
  3. ) CORE (INNER AND OUTER CORE)
92
Q

WHICH LAYER MAKES UP MOST OF THE EARTH’S MASS?

A

THE MANTLE

93
Q

WHAT ARE THE CRACKS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST CALLED?

A

FAULTS

94
Q

WHAT CREATES AN EARTHQUAKE?

A

WHEN THE LAND SHIFTS ALONG THE FAULTS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST.

95
Q

WHAT IS MAGMA?

A

MOLTEN ROCK TRAPPED BETWEEN THE EARTH’S CRUST AND MANTLE.

96
Q

WHAT ARE MAGMA CHAMBERS (AKA VOLCANOES)?

A

POCKETS WHERE MAGMA COLLECTS

97
Q

WHAT IS LAVA?

A

MAGMA ERUPTED FROM A VOLCANO

98
Q

WHAT ARE THE SIX LAYERS OF THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE (CLOSEST TO FARTHEST)?

A
  1. ) TROPOSPHERE
  2. ) STRATOSPHERE
  3. ) MESOSPHERE’
  4. ) IONOSPHERE
  5. ) THERMOSPHERE
  6. ) EXOSPHERE

(TSMITE)

99
Q

WHAT LAYER IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE CONTAINS THE JET STREAM AND IS WHERE ALMOST ALL WEATHER CHANGES OCCUR?

A

TROPOSPHERE

100
Q

WHAT LAYER IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE CONTAINS CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, CONTRIBUTING TO THE DESTRUCTION OF THE OZONE LAYER?

A

STRATOSPHERE

101
Q

WHAT LAYER IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE IS WHERE MOST METEORS BURN UP AS A RESULT OF COLLISIONS WITH THE GAS PARTICLES FOUND IN IT?

A

MESOSPHERE

102
Q

WHAT LAYER IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE REFLECTS MOST RADIO WAVES, MAKING IT IMPORTANT TO COMMUNICATIONS?

A

IONOSPHERE

103
Q

WHICH LAYER OF THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE IS WHERE THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION HAS A STABLE ORBIT?

A

THERMOSPHERE

104
Q

WHAT LAYER IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE IS WHERE ATMOSPHERIC GASES, ATOMS, AND MOLECULES ESCAPE INTO OUTER SPACE?

A

EXOSPHERE

105
Q

WHAT IS AIR DENSITY?

A

HOW CLOSELY PACKED THE AIR MOLECULES ARE.

106
Q

WHAT AFFECTS AIR DENSITY?

A
  1. ) TEMPERATURE

2. ) THE ANGLE OF THE SUN

107
Q

WHAT MEASURES ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE?

A

A BAROMETER

108
Q

HOW DOES COLD AIR DIFFER FROM WARM AIR?

A
  1. ) COLD AIR IS MORE DENSE

2. ) COLD AIR HAS HIGHER PRESSURE

109
Q

HOW IS WIND CREATED?

A

AIR MOVES FROM AREAS OF HIGH PRESSURE TO AREAS OF LOW PRESSURE.

110
Q

AIR MASSES FORMED IN EARTH’S NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN REGIONS ARE…

A

COLD

111
Q

AIR MASSES FORMED AT THE EQUATOR ARE…

A

WARM

112
Q

WHAT IS A FRONT?

A

WHEN TWO DIFFERENT AIR MASSES MEET.

113
Q

WHAT IS A COLD FRONT?

A

WHEN COLD AIR MEETS WARM AIR.

114
Q

WHAT IS A WARM FRONT?

A

WHEN A WARM AIR MASS MEETS A COLD AIR MASS.

115
Q

WHAT HAPPENS DURING A COLD FRONT?

A

THE WARM AIR GETS PUSHED UP TO FORM CLOUDS, CAUSING HEAVY RAIN.

116
Q

WHAT HAPPENS DURING A WARM FRONT?

A

THE WARM AIR PASSES OVER THE COLD AIR, FORMING A DIFFERENT CLOUD CAUSING LIGHT RAIN.

117
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE MAIN TYPES OF CLOUDS?

A
  1. ) CIRRUS
  2. ) CUMULUS
  3. ) STRATUS
118
Q

WHAT DOES A CIRRUS CLOUD LOOK LIKE?

A

THIN, WISPY, AND HIGH

119
Q

WHAT DOES A CUMULUS CLOUD LOOK LIKE?

A

WHITE, PUFFY, OFTEN FLAT-BOTTOMED WITH ROUNDED TOPS

120
Q

WHAT DOES A STRATUS CLOUD LOOK LIKE?

A

BROAD, FLAT, AND LOW HANGING (GRAY BLANKET)

121
Q

WHAT DOES A CIRRUS CLOUD FORECAST?

A

GENERALLY INDICATES RAIN OR SNOW

122
Q

WHAT DOES A CUMULUS CLOUD FORECAST?

A

COMMON DURING FAIR WEATHER, BUT WHEN THEY GATHER, THEY CAUSE HEAVY RAIN

123
Q

WHAT DOES A STRATUS CLOUD FORECAST?

A

IF CLOSE TO THE GROUND, THEY MAY PRODUCE DRIZZLE.

124
Q

WHAT PREFIX IS GIVEN TO HIGH CLOUDS?

A

CIRRO

125
Q

WHAT PREFIX IS GIVEN TO MID-LEVEL CLOUDS?

A

ALTO

126
Q

WHAT PREFIX AND SUFFIX IS GIVEN TO A CLOUD PRODUCING PRECIPATATION?

A

NIMBO (PREFIX), NIMBUS (SUFFIX)

ASVAB (5 decks)

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