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Q3 Physio II Test 1 > General GI Fxn (lec 1) > Flashcards

General GI Fxn (lec 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of GI tract?

A

boundary b/w external and internal environments:

musculature
digestion
absorption

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2
Q

ANS controls GI tract from where to where?

A

mid-esophagus to internal anal sphincter

via smooth mm

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3
Q

Oral and anal events controlled by?

A

somatic innervation of skeletal mm

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4
Q

Primary fxn of GI?

A

transfer nutrients, H2O, electrolytes from food to body

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5
Q

Processes of GI? (6)

A

1) ingestion
2) mechanical digestion
3) propulsion
4) chemical digestion
5) absorption
6) defecation

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6
Q

Layers of GI wall? (4)

A

1) Serosa
2) Muscularis Externa
3) Submucosa
4) Mucosa

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7
Q

Serosa details?

A

outermost,

continues into mesentery

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8
Q

Muscularis Externa made of?

controls?

layers?

A

smooth mm

controls motility

outer = longitudinal mm
mid = circular mm, myenteric plexus (enteric NS)
inner = oblique mm

mm thickness ↑ from proximal to distal

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9
Q

Submucosa made of?

contains?

A

connective tissue

glands, bv
submucosal plexus (enteric NS)
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10
Q

Mucosa made of? (3)

A

1) smooth mm (contraction Δs shape/SA of epithelium)
2) Lamina propria (CT)
3) Epithelium (absorbs/secretes)

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11
Q

Splanchnic circulation: Portal Vein

blood from what empties here?

partal vein empties into?

purpose?

A

venous blood from pancreas, stomach, small/large intestines empty into portal vein

portal vein empties into liver

supplies liver w/ metabolic substrates,
allows liver to process ingested substances before reaching circulation

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12
Q

Splanchnic circulation: Arterial

consists of what 3 aa?

parallel vs serial flow?

A

celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric

parallel: regulates flow to individual organs
serial: exposes all substances to liver

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13
Q

Enteric Nervous System (ENS) includes what?

A

myenteric (muscle) and submucosal plexi

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14
Q

ENS receives ANS signals from CNS how?

A

chemo and mechanoreceptors

**ENS doesn’t require ANS input for most fxns (self-contained)

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15
Q

ENS relays info to CNS how?

A

chemo/mechanoreceptors thru vagus (ANS)

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16
Q

ENS receives efferent signals from CNS thru?

A

vagus

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17
Q

Myenteric (Auerbach’s plexus:

located?

innervates?

primary purpose?

A

muscularis externa b/w longitudinal and circular mm

long/circular smooth mm

motility

18
Q

Submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus:

located?

innervates?

primary purpose?

A

submucosa

glandular epithelium, intestinal cells, submuc bv

intestinal secretions

19
Q

Sympathetic NS releases what neurotrans?

controls what? (2)

A

NE

vascular smooth mm, secretory cells

20
Q

SNS effects on GI tract?

A

inhibitory: slows motility and secretion

21
Q

Parasymp NS releases what neurotrans?

effect on GI tract?

A

ACh

excitatory: speeds motility and secretion

22
Q

Efferent neurons in GI organs synapse where?

use what neurotransmitters?

A

PNS and SNS synapse in myenteric and submucosal plexi

ACh and NE

23
Q

Parasymp post-gang neurons in GI are what 2 types?

A

Cholinergic (release ACh)

Peptidergic (release peptides)

24
Q

Symp post-gang neurons in GI are what type?

A

Adrenergic (NE)

25
Q

GI Peptides regulate?

A

smooth mm (motility)
secretion (fluids and enz)
GI cell growth

26
Q

GI Peptide types?

A

1) hormones
2) paracrines
3) neurocrines

27
Q

GI Hormones released from?

go where?

A

endocrine cells in GI tract

portal circulation to general circulation

28
Q

GI endorine system unique to other endocrine systems how?

A

GI endo cells not concentrated in glands, cells are dispersed

29
Q

Types of GI hormones?

A

1) Gastrin (from antrum G cells)
2) Cholecystokinin [CCK] (from duo/jej I cells)
3) Secretin (from duo S cells)
4) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide [GIP or GDIP] (from duo/jej K cells)
5) Motilin (from duo/jej M cells)

30
Q

GI Paracrines released from?

act on?

carried to target how?

A

endocrine cells

act on tissue that secretes them

capillaries or diffusion

31
Q

Types of GI Paracrines?

A

1) Somatostatin (from D cells), inhibit release of all gut hormones
2) Histamine (non-peptide), enterochromaffin-like cell

32
Q

GI Neurocrines are made where?

released when?

go where?

A

cell bodies of GI tract neurons

in response to action potential

diffuse synaptic cleft to target cell

33
Q

Types of GI Neurocrines?

A 
ACh (PNS)
NE (SNS)
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide [VIP] (ENS)
Gastrin-Releasing Peptide [GRP] (ENS)
Bombesin (ENS)
Enkephalins (opiates)
Neuropeptide Y
Substance P
34
Q

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide [VIP]:

actions?

source?

A

relax smooth mm
↑ pancreatic (alkaline) and intestinal secretions
↓ gastric acid

post-gang parasymp peptidergic neurons in mucosa and smooth m

35
Q

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide [GRP] or Bombesin:

actions?

source?

A

mediate vagally-stim gastrin release

post-gang parasymp peptidergic neurons in mucosa

36
Q

NE:

actions?

source?

A

↑ saliva
contract sphincters
relax smooth mm in wall

Adrenergic neurons

37
Q

ACh:

actions?

source?

A

↑ saliva, gastric and pancreatic secretions,
relax sphincters,
contract smooth mm in wall

Cholinergic neurons

38
Q

Enkephalins (opiates):

actions?

source?

A

contract smooth mm
↓ intestinal secretions

mucosa and smooth mm neurons

39
Q

Neuropeptide Y:

actions?

source?

A

relax smooth mm
↓ intestinal secretions

mucosa and smooth mm neurons

40
Q

Substance P:

actions?

source?

A

contract smooth mm
↑ saliva

mucosa and smooth mm neurons

Q3 Physio II Test 1 (6 decks)

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