Gait

Question 1

Mid stance falls under which task

1. Weight acceptance
2. Single Limb Support
3. Limb advancement

Answer 1

Single Limb Support

Question 2

What are the 5 phases of stance support in gait?

Answer 2

Initial Contact, loading response, midstance, terminal stance, pre-swing

Question 3

What are phases involved with limb advancement?

Answer 3

Pre-swing, initial swing, mid-swing, terminal swing

Question 4

What is the average cadence for humans?

Answer 4

113 steps/min

Question 5

Formula for speed?

Answer 5

Cadence X Step Length

Question 6

As speed increases, what happens to DLS and SLS times?

Answer 6

SLS time increases and DLS time decreases

Question 7

What are the objectives for initial contact?

Answer 7

Initiate heel rocker position and impact deceleration

Question 8

What are the objectives of the loading response?

Answer 8

Shock Absorption, WB stability, progression preservation

Question 9

What begins and ends mid-stance phase?

Answer 9

Begin: When other foot is lifted off floor
Ends: When body weight is over the forefoot

Question 10

What are the objectives for the midstance phase?

Answer 10

Limb and trunk stability and forward progression

Question 11

What begins and ends the terminal stance phase?

Answer 11

Begins: When heel rises off the floor
Ends: When the other foot contacts the ground

Question 12

What begins and ends the preswing phase?

Answer 12

Begins: Initial contact of the opposite limb to the ground
Ends: Ipsilateral toe-off

Question 13

Between what percentage of the gait cycle does initial swing occur?

Answer 13

60-73%

Question 14

What begins and ends initial swing?

Answer 14

Begins: When foot comes off the floor
Ends: When the foot crosses the other limb

Question 15

What is the objective for the pre-swing phase?

Answer 15

Position limb for swing

Question 16

What are the objectives for terminal swing?

Answer 16

Complete limb advancement and prepare stance

Question 17

When is external dorsiflexion torque demand greatest?

1. Initial Contact
2. Mid Stance
3. Terminal Stance
4. Loading response

Answer 17

Loading Response. A markedly increasing dorsiflexion torque occurs during midstance.

Question 18

The ankle________during preswing

1. Dorsiflexes
2. Plantarflexes

Answer 18

Plantarflexes (15 degrees)

Question 19

How many degrees do the metatarsals extend during the preswing phase?

Answer 19

60 degrees

Question 20

During the loading reponse, how many degrees does the knee flex

Answer 20

15 degrees

Question 21

How is knee stability maintained during the mid stance phase of gait?

Answer 21

Through the extension torque created from the opposite limb swinging forward and calf muscle activity which restrains the tibia (to allow the femur to move forward)

Question 22

In which phase does the extension torque of the knee reach its peak?

Answer 22

Terminal Stance

Question 23

Which muscle minimally restrains knee flexion during pre-swing?

Answer 23

Gracilis

Question 24

Why is pre-swing included in the limb advancement task portion of gait?

Answer 24

Because it is significant in allowing the foot to be cleared.

Question 25

How many degrees does the knee flex in initial swing?

Answer 25

60 degrees

Question 26

What muscles of the knee are activated during initial swing?

Answer 26

sartorius, gracilis, biceps femoris for knee flexion

Question 27

What causes knee extension to occur during mid-swing?

Answer 27

Momentum and Gravity

Question 28

What are the 2 main muscles primarily responsible for stabilizing the flexed hip in preparation for the loading response?

Answer 28

Gluteus Max and Adductor Magnus

Question 29

In what phase does the adduction torque of the hip begin?

Answer 29

Loading Response

Question 30

Activity of which muscle contributes to the hip flexing forward during pre-swing?

Answer 30

Adductor Longus

Question 31

The thigh is more flexed in the terminal swing phase than it is in the mid swing phase

1. True
2. False

Answer 31

False- the thigh is flexed to 25 degrees during mid swing and 20 degrees in terming swing