FSE Exam Practice Q's and A's Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in FSE Exam Practice Q's and A's Deck (16)
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1
Q

Empirically, which of the following bacteria is most susceptible to penicillin G? (1 mark)

Pasteurella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, E. coli

A
  • streptococcus; doesn’t share plasmids and has not evolved resistance
2
Q

Name an antibiotic with zero milk withholding period; is it effective in treating Streptococcal mastitis? (2 marks)

A
  • ceftiofur
  • yes is effective
3
Q

Why should dry cow intra-mammary antibiotics NOT be used in lactating cows? (1 mark)

A

milk WHP is 49 days

4
Q

Why is penicillin G ineffective in the treatment of pneumonia in cattle? (1 mark)

A

caused by gram -ve bacterium pasteurella/or cattle have built up resistance

5
Q

Name an antibiotic which may become toxic after the use by date. (1 mark)

A

tetracyclines

6
Q

Name an antibiotic which can be safely used in all Australian wildlife species, as long as the animal is mature/adult? (1 mark)

A

Enrofloxacin (Baytril)

7
Q

List 3 potential NON-gastrointestinal side-effects of NSAID therapy (3 marks)

A
  1. Aletered platelet function
  2. (renal) Kidney failure
  3. hepatic issues
  4. cardiovascular issues (hypertension)
8
Q

What section of the gastrointestinal tract is most susceptible to phenylbutazone-associated ulceration in the equine? Explain why. (2 marks)

A

colon

causes extreme swelling and thickening = colic

blocks (inhibits) PGL production -these assist blood flow to GIT and assist with production of protective stomach mucus

9
Q

A cat and dog are both given a single dose (on a mg/kg basis) of a NSAID. Would the duration of action in the cat be less than, the same, or greater than in the dog? (1 mark)

A

Interspecies variation of metabolism (??)

10
Q

Name a NSAID registered for use in cattle. (1 mark)

A

Flunixin

11
Q

Name the disease most commonly treated for with NSAIDs in the dog (1 mark)

A

osteo arthritis

12
Q

Briefly explain why the effects of NSAID’s may persist longer than would be predicted from the plasma concentration-time curve. (2 marks)

A
  • NSAIDs are negatively charges and when enters circulation, adheres to albumin in blood and is released slowly, if NSAID is administrated IV works well at site of injury in the acute phase.
  • NSAIDs love albumin and blood has loads of albumin
  • when the NSAID enters the circulation whether via IV or orally it goes systemic.
  • It binds to albumin from anywhere between 90 and 99% leaving a very small amount free.
  • Equilibrium rules that when the liver knocks out the percentage of the free drug more drug of equal value gets released from albumin.
  • As soon as NSAID binds to COX then more albumin will be released then the pattern of equilibrium continues.
  • Hence a constant flux away from albumin.
13
Q

Is prednisolone or dexamethasone the more potent corticosteroid? (1 mark)

A

dexamethasone

14
Q

List 3 diseases which are treated with corticosteroids. (3 marks)

A
  1. Crohn’s Disease
  2. Acute asthma
  3. chronic active hepatitis
  4. rheumatoid arthritis
  5. atopic dermatitis
15
Q

Draw a simple diagram of the inflammatory cascade, illustrating the MOA of NSAIDs and corticosteroids. (4 marks)

A
16
Q

Discuss the many possible side-effects associated with chronic corticosteroid therapy. (10 marks)

A
  • Common (days - weeks)
    Polyuria/polydipsia
    mood change
    weight change
    HPA suppression
  • Sporadic (days-weeks)
    peptic ulcers (< mucosal blood flow)
  • Common (months - years)
    obesity
    hair loss
    HPA suppression
    hypertension
  • sporadic
    cataracts (from high glucose levels)