Fossil Quiz 1: Introduction and Chapter 1 Flashcards Preview

Masterbooks General Science 2 > Fossil Quiz 1: Introduction and Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Fossil Quiz 1: Introduction and Chapter 1 Deck (22)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Define evolution

A

the belief that life started by chance, and millions of years of struggle and death slowly changed a few simple living things into many complex and varied forms through stages

2
Q

Define Paleontologist

A

A person who studies fossils

3
Q

Define permineralized fossils

A

fossils preserved by minerals hardening in the pore spaces of a specimen such as a shell, bone, or wood.

4
Q

Define trace fossils

A

are not remains of plant or animal parts, but show evidence of once-living things

5
Q

Who were the two men given credit for popularizing the modern teaching of evolution?

A

Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin

6
Q

List two agents that erode and deposit sediments. Which agent is more powerful?

A

wind and water; water

7
Q

What two elements must exist in the right amount for sediments to turn into rocks?

A

water and rock cement

8
Q

What are the two most common rock cements?

A

calcium carbonate and silica

9
Q

Give some examples where calcium carbonate can be found.

A

limestone, bottom of tea kettle, in Tums and Rolaids, chalk

10
Q

When did most of the branches of modern science begin?

A

1600s and 1700s

11
Q

What does TCSD stand for?

A

time, chance, struggle, and death

12
Q

What types of sedimentary rocks are fossils normally found in?

A

flaky shale, gritty sandstone, or chalky limestone

13
Q

What type of event would provide the right conditions to form fossils?

A

A flood

14
Q

Briefly describe how a fossil can form.

A

When a plant is buried in sediment under flood conditions, the plant is preserved when the heavy sediment weight squeezes out extra water and encourages the growth of cement minerals that turn the plant into a fossil.

15
Q

Why must fossilization begin quickly?

A

The plant or animal needs to be preserved quickly before it begins to decompose.

16
Q

What is the most common type of fossil?

A

A permineralized fossil

17
Q

What is the difference between permineralized wood and petrified wood?

A

permineralized wood has minerals in its pore spaces but still has wood fibers, while minerals have completely replaced the wood but preserved the pattern in petrified wood.

18
Q

Why is coal considered to be a fossil fuel?

A

Coal is the charred remains and carbon atoms of once-living plants, making it fossil. Coal burns, making it a fuel.

19
Q

Describe how coal forms (based on the research of Dr. Steve Austin).

A

Huge mats of vegetation were ripped up in violent storms, torn apart by the waves and currents, and deposited in layers. Sediment on top of these layers then squeezed out water and raised the temperature of the buried plants. The plants would then begin to char, turning into coal.

20
Q

What catastrophic event in May of 1980 supports Dr. Austin’s theory?

A

The eruption of Mount St. Helens

21
Q

How do polystrate fossils imply rapid burial?

A

If the layers surrounding the polystrate item had built up slowly over millions of years, the tops of the polystrate item would rot away, even if the bottoms were fossilized.

22
Q

List and describe the four Cs of biblical history discussed in this book.

A

Creation - God’s perfect creation; Corruption - Ruined by man’s sin; Catatstrophe - Destroyed by Noah’s flood; Christ - Restored to life in Christ