Foreign Policy : 10/19/15 Flashcards Preview

U.S. Government > Foreign Policy : 10/19/15 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Foreign Policy : 10/19/15 Deck (159)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

_______ _____ consists of the strategies and goals that guide a nation’s relations with other countries and groups in the world.

A

Foreign policy

2
Q

The specific strategies that make up U.S. ______ _____ from year to year change in response to changes in the international government.

A

Foreign policy

3
Q

The ____-____ goals of that policy remain constant, reflecting both the nation’s i_____ and its s___-______.

A

Long-term, ideals, self-interest

4
Q

The principal goal of American foreign policy is to p______ the s______ of the United States.

A

Preserve, security

5
Q

_______ _______ means protection of a nation’s borders and territories against invasion or control by foreign powers.

A

National security

6
Q

In today’s global economy n______ s______ means more than m_____ d_____.

A

National security, military defense

7
Q

Maintaining _____ with other nations and preserving access to necessary _____ _______ have also been basic goals of U.S. foreign policy.

A

Trade, natural resources

8
Q

Productive American f______ and f____ need f______ m______ in which to sell their goods.

A

Factories, farms, foreign markets

9
Q

Generally, the United States supports t____ that is free from both e____ and i____ r_____.

A

Trade, export, import restrictions

10
Q

American leaders also work for _____ _____ because they believe it helps the nation avoid outside conflicts and aids national security.

A

World peace

11
Q

The United States tries to help other nations settle disputes and has to also supplied e_______ a__ to __-____ c______.

A

Economic aid, at-risk countries

12
Q

The rise of ______ _____, along with direct _______ ______, have made the goal of w_____ p____ an even greater challenge.

A

Terrorist groups, terrorist attacks, world peace

13
Q

The United States aids d________ nations and helps others create democratic political systems. : IE. S____ K_____, V____, I___, A________

A

Democratic, South Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan

14
Q

The United States has responded by providing f___, m______ s_____, and t_______ a______ for h________ reasons.

A

Food, medical supplies, techinical assistance, humanitarian

15
Q

This aid serves the strategic interests of the United States by maintaining p_______ s_______ in the world.

A

Political stability

16
Q

Until the late 1800s, American foreign policy was based on __________- the avoidance of involvement in world affairs.

A

Isolationism

17
Q

When ______ _________ became president in ___, the US was a small nation in deep debt.

A

George Washington, 1789

18
Q

In 1823 President ______ _____ announced a new foreign policy known as the ______ _____. It began to look for w____ m_____ for its products and for new sources of r___ m_______.

A

James Monroe, Monroe Doctrine, world markets, raw materials

19
Q

For some government leaders, i__________ no longer fit the US’s role as an e_______ p_____.

A

Isolationism, economic power

20
Q

The US leaders of the time believed the nation needed to expand and acquire a c_______ e_____.

A

Colonial empire

21
Q

In ____ the US fought the ______ _______ ___.

A

1898, Spanish American War

22
Q

As a result, the US acquired the P_______ I_____, G___, and P_____ R___.

A

Philippine Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico

23
Q

The United States was now a major power in the C_______ as well as the P_____ r____ and E___ A___.

A

Caribbean, Pacific region, East Asia

24
Q

When _____ ___ __ began in Europe in ___, i_______ s_______ in the United States was still strong.

A

World War I, 1914, isolationist sentiment

25
Q

Disillusioned by the terrible ___ of ___, Americans returned to i_________.

A

Cost, war, isolationism

26
Q

When _____ ___ __ began in ____, the United States officially remained n_____.

A

World War II, 1939, neutral

27
Q

The Japanese attack on P____ H____ in ___, however, drew the United States into war.

A

Pearl Harbor, 1941

28
Q

Since World War II, US foreign policy has been based on i____________.

A

Internationalism

29
Q

The United States emerged from World War II as the leader of the ____ ____ of the world.

A

Free nations

30
Q

US government leaders viewed the power of the S_____ U____ as a threat to n______ s_______.

A

Soviet Union, national security

31
Q

Between 1945 and 1949, the S____ U____ established control over the governments of E_____ E______ countries.

A

Soviet Union, Eastern European

32
Q

In ____ C_____ C_______ seized control of C____.

A

1949, Chinese Communists, China

33
Q

The C_______ t_______ in these nations convinced American leaders that they must halt C_______ a______.

A

Communist takeovers, Communist aggression

34
Q

The ____ ___ was a war of w____ and i______ rather than a s______ war.

A

Cold War, words, ideologies, shooting

35
Q

With the threat of expanding communism, the US drew upon the ideas of G_____ __. K____, an American diplomat and expert on Soviet history and culture.

A

George F. Kenan

36
Q

The US would create a policy known as __________- the policy designed the Soviet Union from expanding its powers.

A

Containment

37
Q

America also tried to stop the spread of c_________ by giving e______ a__ to nations they said were threatened by t_________ r_____.

A

Communism, economic aid, totalitarian regimes

38
Q

President H_____ T______ announced what later became known as the _______ ______ in a speech in 1947.

A

Harry Truman, Truman Doctrine

39
Q

Months later the ________ ____ provided badly needed economic aid for war-torn E_____.

A

Marshall Plan, Europe

40
Q

C___ W__ tensions and fears also led to an ____ ____.

A

Cold War, arms race

41
Q

The Cold War policy of containment drew the United States into two wars. : _____ & ______

A

Korea, Vietnam

42
Q

In the K_____ W__ the US aided pro-American ____ Korea when it was invaded by communist ____ Korea.

A

Korean War, South, North

43
Q

T_____ saw the invasion of South Korea as ___________ by the S_____ U____ and sent American troops there under UN sponsorship.

A

Truman, expansionism, Soviet Union

44
Q

In the V_____ W__, the United States committed troops for many years to fight on the side of the S___ Vietnamese government against the Communist N____ Vietnam.

A

Vietnam War, South, North

45
Q

In ___ the ______ ___ dividing Communist East Germany from the democratic West Germany was torn down by demonstrators.

A

1989, Berlin Wall

46
Q

US troops were sent to hotspots across the globe while policymakers called on the US to stay involved in world politics to protect American t_____ i_____, encourage d_____, and advance h_____ r____.

A

Trade interests, democracy, human rights

47
Q

In 1990 ___’s leader, S_____ H_____, invaded neighboring K____ threatening Middle Eastern __ supplies.

A

Iraq, Saddam Hussein, Kuwait, oil

48
Q

These actions included a program of inspections aimed at preventing Iraq from developing w______ of m___ d______.

A

Weapons of mass destruction

49
Q

During the 1990s S______ H_____ kept tension high by failing to cooperate with UN-mandated inspections.

A

Saddam Hussein

50
Q

Throughout the 1990’s President C_____ sent US forces to several places in attempts to maintain p______ o____and protect h_________ interests.

A

Clinton, political order, humanitarian

51
Q

In ____ American troops join a multi-nation force in S_____ to protect relief organizations operating during a civil war.

A

1992, Somalia

52
Q

In ____ American troops preserved order in H____ when their president was forced to flee the country.

A

1994, Haiti

53
Q

In ____ American and NATO allies intervened to end ethnic warfare among C____, S____, and M_____ resulting from the breakup of the former Y_________.

A

1995, Croats, Serbs, Muslims, Yugoslavia

54
Q

In ____, American and NATO air power and troops forced Serbian troops to withdraw from the Y_______ province of K______.

A

1999, Yugoslavian, Kosovo

55
Q

The FBI and intelligence sources identified the attack as the work of __-_____, a global network of Islamic terrorists whose leaders were based in A_______.

A

Al-Qaeda, Afghanistan

56
Q

President ______ __ _____ quickly announced that a w__ on t______ would become the focus of his administration.

A

George W. Bush, war on terrorism

57
Q

The Bush administration’s framework states that ________ should replace c________ and d_______ as the foundation American strategy.

A

Preemption, containment, deterrence

58
Q

_________ means that the US will strike first with military force against any terrorist groups or rogue states that might threaten the nation with weapons of mass destruction.

A

Preemption

59
Q

President Bush applied ________ in M_____ ____ when the US and a coalition of others removed the government of ________ ______.

A

Preemption, March 2003, Saddam Hussein

60
Q

In _________ _____, ______ _____ would be captured.

A

December 2003, Saddam Hussein

61
Q

The F_____ of the Constitution attempted to divide the responsibility for f______ a____ between the p______ and C______.

A

Framers, foreign affairs, president, Congress

62
Q

The president derives power to formulate foreign policy from two source. : 1. The _________ lists certain presidential powers related to foreign policy. 2. As the head of the world’s superpower, the president functions as an important w_____ l_____.

A

Constitution, world leader

63
Q

The Constitution grants the president the power to be the c________ in c____of the nation’s military forces.

A

Commander in chief

64
Q

The president may send t_____, s____, and p____ or may even use n______ w_____ anywhere in the world, without c___________ a______.

A

Troops, ships, planes, nuclear weapons, congressional approval

65
Q

In addition, A_____ __, S______ __ grants the president certain d______ powers.

A

Article II, Section 2, diplomatic

66
Q

The president appoints a_________, who represent the nation in diplomatic matters.

A

Ambassadors

67
Q

By receiving these a_________, the president gives formal r_________ to that government.

A

Ambassadors, recognitions

68
Q

Refusing to r______ an a_________, the president can withhold diplomatic r________ of a foreign government.

A

Receive, ambassador, recognitions

69
Q

Formal r________ of a government is vital because it qualifies that government to receive e______ and other forms of ___.

A

Recognition, economic, aid

70
Q

A_____ __, S_____ __ also gives the president power to make ______.

A

Article II, Section 2, treaties

71
Q

A _____ is a formal agreement between the governments of two or more nations.

A

Treaty

72
Q

As a h___ of s____, the president plays an important part in controlling f_____ p_____.

A

Head of state, foreign policy

73
Q

The president has the final responsibility for establishing f______ p_____.

A

Foreign policy

74
Q

Two cabinet departments make foreign policy a full time concern. : 1. D_______ of D_____. 2. D_______ of S____.

A

Department of Defense, Department of State

75
Q

The S________ of S____ supervises all the diplomatic activities of the American government.

A

Secretary of State

76
Q

The S_______ of S____ carries on diplomacy at the ______ level.

A

Secretary of State, highest

77
Q

The S______ of S____ travels to f_____ c______ for important negotiations with head of state and represents the US at major i___________ c______.

A

Secretary of State, foreign capitals, international conferences

78
Q

The S_______ of D____ supervises the _______ activities of the US government.

A

Secretary of Defense, military

79
Q

The president receives info and advice from the S________ of D_____ on the nation’s m______ f_____, w______, and b_____.

A

Secretary of Defense, military forces, weapons, bases

80
Q

The n_______ s______ a_____ is the director of the ________ _______ _____ (?) plays a major role in foreign affairs.

A

National security advisor, National Security Council (NSC)

81
Q

Dr. __________ ____ was the first woman to be chosen as national security advisor.

A

Condoleezza Rice

82
Q

The task of gathering and coordinating this information is primarily the responsibility of the _______ ______________ _____.

A

Central Intelligence Agency

83
Q

The N______ S_____ ___ established the ___ and defined its duties in ____.

A

National Security Act, CIA, 1947

84
Q

Today the ___ under the direction of the _______ _______ _______, coordinates the intelligence activities of other agencies.

A

CIA, National Security Council

85
Q

The ___ also safeguards top secret information and conducts intelligence operations that the council authorizes.

A

CIA

86
Q

Critics of the ___ have questioned the agency’s e_______.

A

CIA, efficiency

87
Q

I_________ was the most evident after the ___ failed to predict I___’s invasion of K______ in 1990.

A

Inefficiency, CIA, Iraq, Kuwait

88
Q

The collapse of the ______ ____ during 1991 caught the CIA by surprise.

A

Soviet Union

89
Q

It is the p________ who determines what policies are to be followed.

A

President

90
Q

The C__________ gives Congress significant foreign policy powers. : Power to d______ w___ and a_________ m_____.

A

Constitution, declare war, appropriate money

91
Q

The C_________ balances the president’s powers as c________ __ c____ by gathering Congress the power to d______ w___.

A

Constitution, commander in chief, declare war

92
Q

Congress has exercised its power to declare war only five times in our nation’s history. : W__ of ____, ____ against M____, ____ against S____, ____ against G_____, ___ against J____, G______, and I____.

A

War 1812, 1846 Mexico, 1898 Spain, 1917 Germany, 1941 Japan, Germany, and Italy

93
Q

Instead of requesting a formal d_________ of ___, presidents have asked Congress to pass a j_____ r______ concerning the use of American t___.

A

Declaration of war, joint resolution, troops

94
Q

Congress passed the G____ __ T_____ R______ in V_____ to authorize the president “to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US.”

A

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Vietnam

95
Q

Congress tried to check the president’s power to send troops into combat by passing the ___ _______ ___ of ___. The act delayed that the president could not send troops into combat for more than __ ____ without the consent of Congress.

A

War Powers Act of 1973, 60 days

96
Q

Congress must authorize funds for d_____ and f_____ a__ each year.

A

Defense, foreign aid

97
Q

Congress may refuse to provide ____ for ___ to other nations.

A

Funds, aid

98
Q

The Constitution also give the S____ the power of “a_____ and c____” on all t______.

A

Senate, advice and consent, treaties

99
Q

The president may make t_____ with foreign governments, but ___s vote of the Senate must ratify them.

A

Treaties, 2/3s

100
Q

E________ a_________ are pacts between the president and the head of a foreign government that have the legal status of treaties but do not require Senate approval.

A

Executive agreements

101
Q

Today, the e_______ a________ make up more than __% of all United States international agreements.

A

Executive agreements, 90%

102
Q

Under US law the president may grant ____-________-____ (?) status to trading partners.

A

Most-favored-nation, MFN

103
Q

By a ___s majority vote Congress may overturn the president’s decision to grant MFN. : In ____, ____ was granted permanent MFN status.

A

2/3, 2000, China

104
Q

Over the past several decades, the president’s foreign policies have enjoyed _______ (___-_____) c__________ s_____.

A

Bipartisan (two-party) congressional support

105
Q

The p______ has advantages over Congress in conducting f______ p_____.

A

President, foreign policy

106
Q
  1. Only the _______– or a chosen spokesperson such as the ________ of _____– can speak for the nation in dealings with other governments.
A

President, secretary of state

107
Q
  1. The president controls those agencies, D________ of _____ and the N______ S______ C______, that help formulate and carry out foreign policy on a day-to-day basis.
A

Department of State, National Security Council

108
Q
  1. The _______ is able to take q____ and d_____ a____.
A

President, quick, decisive action

109
Q
  1. By using e_______ a_______, the president can bypass the S_____ when making agreements with other nations.
A

Executive agreements, Senate

110
Q

The p_______ and C_______ have the major responsibility for making f_____ p_____, and are often influenced by the ________ of the American people.

A

President, Congress, foreign policy, opinions

111
Q

Pressure from ________ _______ can also affect foreign policy.

A

Interest groups

112
Q

H_____ r_____ i_____ can have a substantial impact on legislation that affects their areas of interest.

A

Human rights issues

113
Q

The D__________ __ ______, is one of the smallest cabinet-level departments in terms of employees, yet they carry out foreign policy.

A

Department of State

114
Q

The D__________ __ _______ is the largest of all the executive departments both in terms of money spent and people employed.

A

Department of Defense

115
Q

Created by Congress in ____, the Dept. of ______ was the first executive department. Originally it was known as the Department of _______ ______.

A

1789, State, Foreign Affairs

116
Q

The _______ __ _____ is generally considered to be the most important member of the cabinet, ranking just below the president and vice president.

A

Secretary of state

117
Q

The ________ __ _____ is the ___ in line for presidential succession.

A

Secretary of State, 4th

118
Q

Your current secretary of state is ____ _____.

A

John Kerry

119
Q

Dept. of State carries out __ important functions : 1. Keep the president informed about international issues. 2. Maintain diplomatic relations with foreign governments. 3. N________ t______ with f______ g__________. 4. Protect the interests of Americans who are traveling or conducting business abroad.

A

4, Negotiate, treaties, foreign governments

120
Q

___ assistant secretaries direct the ___ geographical bureaus of the State Dept. : Bureau of A_____ A____, E________ and E_______ A_____, E___ A____ and P_____ A____, W_______ H________ A____, N___ E_____ A_____, and S_____ A____ A_____.

A

Six, six, African Affairs, European & Eurasian Affairs, East Asia & Pacific Asia, Western Hemisphere Affairs, Near Eastern Affairs, South Asian Affairs

121
Q

Officials who are assigned to serve abroad in foreign countries belong to the F_____ S_____.

A

Foreign Service

122
Q

______ ______ _______ (?) usually spend several years abroad in a diplomatic post.

A

Foreign Service Officers (FSOs)

123
Q

_____ are normally assigned either to an American embassy or to an American consulate.

A

FSOs

124
Q

The United States maintains ________ in the c_____ c____ of foreign countries.

A

Embassies, capital cities

125
Q

An ________ includes the official residence and offices of the ambassador and his/her staff.

A

Embassy

126
Q

The primary function of an _______ is to make d________ c_____________ between governments easier.

A

Embassy, diplomatic communication

127
Q

Currently the State Dept. directs the work of over ____ American embassies and consulates.

A

200

128
Q

An ____________ heads each American embassy.

A

Ambassador

129
Q

An ____________ is appointed by the president and must be confirmed by the Senate.

A

Ambassador

130
Q

The s_________ help resolve disputes that arise between the host country and the US.

A

Specialists

131
Q

In major disagreements, governments may break off d_______ r______ by closing their e________, this ranks as the strongest sign of displeasure one government can show to another.

A

Diplomatic relations, embassies

132
Q

The US also maintains offices known as __________ in major cities of foreign nations.

A

Consulates

133
Q

________ function primarily to promote American business interests in foreign countries and to serve and safeguard American travelers in the countries where _______ are located.

A

Consulates, consulates

134
Q

Heading each consulate is a F_____ S_____ O_____ called a ____.

A

Foreign Service Officer, consul

135
Q

For Americans traveling abroad, the State Department issues a document called a ________.

A

Passport

136
Q

A _____ is a special document issued by the government of the country that a person wishes to enter.

A

Visa

137
Q

The __________ __ _____ assists the president in carrying out the duties of commander in chief.

A

Department of Defense

138
Q

Before ____ the D________ of ___ and the ____ were responsible for the nation’s defense.

A

1947, Departments of War, Navy

139
Q

After WWII and military reorganization, the N_______ S______ E__________ was founded and two years later became the Dept. of ______.

A

National Security Establishment, Defense

140
Q

In order to maintain c_____ c____ of the military, the top leaders of the Dept. of Defense all are required to be ______.

A

Civilian control, citizens

141
Q

The _________ __ _____ is the largest executive department. It is headquartered at the ________.

A

Department of Defense, Pentagon

142
Q

The ___ _______ _____, under the jurisdiction of the ____, maintains its own leadership, identity, and traditions.

A

US Marine Corps, Navy

143
Q

The p_____, the N______ S_____ C_____, and the S__ of D______ rely on the _____ _____ of ____ for military advice.

A

President, National Security Council, Sec of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff

144
Q

The Joint Chiefs of Staff is a ___ member group. : C___ of S___ of the A____, A__ F____, N_____ O_____, C__________ of the M_____ C____, C_______ and V___ C_____ of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

A

Six, Chief of Staff of the Army, Air Force, Naval Operations, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chairman and Vice Chairman

145
Q

The _________ is appointed for a ___ year term by the president.

A

Chairman, two

146
Q

The US has two methods of staffing its armed forces. : 1. C________– or compulsory military service. 2. V________.

A

Conscription, volunteers

147
Q

Since ____ all young men who have passed their __th birthdays have been required to register their names and addresses with local d____ b_____.

A

1980, 18, draft boards

148
Q

In 1945 the United States and leaders of the war torn nations in Western Europe agreed to protect each other from domination by the _____ _____.

A

Soviet Union

149
Q

The ______ _______ _____ ________ (?) would be founded in ____ as a mutual defense alliance.

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 1949

150
Q

_____ members agreed to come to the aid of any member who is attacked.

A

NATO

151
Q

Since the end of the C____ W___ in ____, ____ has redefined itself in 2 ways: 1. NATO has expanded its mission to include c____ i______ and p__________ in other areas of the world. 2. NATO has expanded its m__________.

A

Cold War, 1990, NATO, crisis intervention, peacekeeping, membership

152
Q

In ____ the US signed a treaty establishing the ____________ of _________ ______ (?) which is primarily concerned with promoting economic development in the Americas.

A

1948, Organization of American States

153
Q

____, ___, and _____ are all examples of ________ _____– are the international agreements signed by several nations.

A

NATO, OAS, ANZUS, multilateral treaties

154
Q

A ________ ______ is an agreement that involves only two nations.

A

Bilateral treaty

155
Q

_________ ______ is a system by which the participating nations agree to take joint action against a nation that attacks any one of them.

A

Collective security

156
Q

Today, the _____ for __________ __________ (?) administers American programs of economic aid.

A

Agency for International Development (AID)

157
Q

A_______ and e_______ b_____ are two methods of influencing the p_____ of other nations.

A

Alliances, economic benefits, policies

158
Q

The w_______ or d_____ of b______ is a third diplomatic strategy.

A

Withdrawal, denial of benefits

159
Q

One way of withdrawing benefits is by applying _______- - are measures such as withholding loans, arms, or economic aid to force a foreign government to cease certain activities.

A

Sanctions