Anterior superficial muscles
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres
Originate from medial epicondyle of the humerus
Innervates by median nerve (except FCU = ulnar nerve)
Mainly act to flex forearm
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin
Long origin = ulna
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Insertion
Pisiform carpal bone
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Innervation
Ulnar nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Function
Flexes and adducts at the wrist
Palmaris longus
Location
Directly above the median nerve at the wrist
Palmaris longus
Origin
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Palmaris longus
Insertion
Flexor retinaculum
Palmaris longus
Innervation
Median nerve
Palmaris longus
Function
Flexes at the wrist
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Flexor carpi radialis
Insertion
Base of metacarpals II and III
Flexor carpi radialis
Innervation
Median nerve
Flexor carpi radialis
Function
Flexes and adducts at the wrist
Pronator teres
Location
Medial border of cubital fossa
Pronator teres
Origin
Coronoid process of the ulna
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Pronator teres
Insertion
Mid shaft of the radius
Pronator teres
Innervation
Median nerve
Pronator teres
Function
Pronates the forearm
Anterior intermediate muscles
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Median nerve and ulnar artery pass between the 2 heads
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Radius
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Insertion
Middle phalanges of the four fingers
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Innervation
Median nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Function
Flexes:
- IP joint
- MTP joints
- Wrist
Anterior deep muscles
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Innervated by median nerve (except for medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin
Ulna
Flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion
Distal phalanges of the four fingers
Flexor digitorum profundus
Innervation
Medial 1/2 = ulna nerve
Lateral 1/2 = median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)
Flexor digitorum profundus
Function
Flexes distal IP joints and the wrist
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin
Anterior surface of the radius
Flexor pollicis longus
Insertion
Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Flexor pollicis longus
Innervation
Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)
Flexor pollicis longus
Function
Flexes IP and MTP joints of the thumb
Pronator quadratus
Origin
Anterior surface of the ulna
Pronator quadratus
Insertion
Anterior surface of the radius
Pronator quadratus
Innervation
Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)
Pronator quadratus
Function
Pronates the forearm
Posterior superficial muscles
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Anconeus
All innervated by the radial nerve
Act to extend the wrist and fingers (except for brachioradialis)
Brachioradialis
Origin
Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Brachioradialis
Insertion
Distal end of the radius
Brachioradialis
Innervation
Radial nerve
Brachioradialis
Function
Flexes at the elbow
Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis
Origin
Longus = supracondylar ridge of humerus Brevis = lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis
Insertion
Metacarpal bones II/III
Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis
Innervation
Radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis
Function
Extends and abducts the wrist
Extensor digitorum
Origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Extensor digitorum
Insertion
Extensor hood of each finger
Extensor digitorum
Innervation
Radial nerve (deep branch)
Extensor digitorum
Function
Extension at IPJ and MTPJ
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Extensor digiti minimi
Insertion
Extensor hood of little finger
Extensor digiti minimi
Innervation
Radial nerve (deep branch)
Extensor digiti minimi
Function
Extends little finger
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Insertion
Base of metacarpal V
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Innervation
Radial nerve (deep branch)
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Function
Extension and adduction of wrist
Anconeus
Origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Anconeus
Insertion
Posterior/lateral surfaces of olecranon (ulna)
Anconeus
Innervation
Radial nerve
Anconeus
Function
Extends and stab elbow
Abducts ulna during pronation
Deep posterior muscles
Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis proprius
Act on the thumb and index finger (except for supinator)
Supinator
Location
Floor of cubital fossa
Supinator
Origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Posterior surface of ulna
Supinator
Insertion
Posterior surface of radius
Supinator
Innervation
Radial nerve (deep branch)
Supinator
Function
Supinator forearm
Abductor pollicis longus
Location
Lateral border of anatomical snuff box
Abductor pollicis longus
Origin
Interosseous membrane between radius and ulna
Abductor pollicis longus
Insertion
Lateral side of base of metacarpal I
Abductor pollicis longus
Innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
Abductor pollicis longus
Function
Abducts the thumb
Extensor pollicis brevis
Location
Lateral border of anatomical snuff box
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin
Posterior surface of radius + interosseous membrane
Extensor pollicis brevis
Insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
Extensor pollicis brevis
Innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
Extensor pollicis brevis
Function
Extends IPJ and MTPJ of thumb
Extensor pollicis longus
Location
Medial border of the anatomical snuffbox
Extensor pollicis longus
Origin
Posterior surface of the ulna + interosseous membrane
Extensor pollicis longus
Insertion
Distal phalanx of thumb
Extensor pollicis longus
Innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
Extensor pollicis longus
Function
Extends at all joints in thumb (CMCJ/IPJ/MTPJ)
Extensor indicis proprius
Location
Enable independence of index finger
Extensor indicis proprius
Origin
Posterior surface of ulna + interosseous membrane
Extensor indicis proprius
Insertion
Extensor hood of index finger
Extensor indicis proprius
Innervation
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)
Extensor indicis proprius
Function
Extends index finger