Flashcards in Foot and Ankle Clinical Correlation Deck (19)
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1
What is the composition of the foot and ankle?
-28+ Bones
-33 Joints
-106 Ligaments
-20 Muscles
2
What can occur if accessory bones are present in the foot?
Frequent source of trouble as they can be destabilised by injury or sprain
3
What accessory bones are most troublesum?
-Os trigonum
-Accessory navicular
4
How do tarsal coalitions present?
Stiff hindfoot
5
What tarsal coalitions can occur?
-45% talocalcaneal
-45% calcaneonavicular
-10% other
6
When does ankle arthritis commonly occur?
Post-traumatic
7
What should be considered in ankle arthritis with no known trauma in the under 50s?
Haemochromatosis
8
What are the mean ages of ankle and hip arthritis?
-Ankle 46 years
-Hip 51 years
9
What is the Achilles tendon?
The thickest, strongest and longest tendon in the body
10
What is the Achilles tendon formed by?
-Gastrocnemius
-Soleus
11
How is the Achille's test examined?
-Thomson (Simmonds) test
-Matle's (angle of dangle)
12
What is a cavovarus foot?
A foot with an abnormally high arch and varus hind foot
13
What are the causes of carovarus foot?
Neurological
-Many causes
Congenital
-Club foot
-Idiopathic
-Familial
Post-traumatic
14
What is the pathogenesis of carovarus foot?
Clawing of toes
-Weakness of intrinsic muscles
Plunger effect by procimal phalanges
-Plantarflexion of MTs/ overaction of peroneus longus
Hindfoot varus
-Weakness of peroneus brevis
Equinus
-Weakness of tibialis anterior
Adduction of forefoot
-Overpull of tibilais posterior
15
Carovarus foot: What can clawing of toes lead to?
Plantar callosities and shoe problems
16
Carovarus foot: What can hindfoot varus lead to?
Ankle instability
17
Carovarus foot: What can equinus lead to?
Altered gait
18
Carovarus foot: What can adduction of the forefoot lead to?
Stress fractures of lateral metatarsals
19
