Food Composition for Herbivores Flashcards Preview

ANSC*3180- Wildlife Nutrition > Food Composition for Herbivores > Flashcards

Flashcards in Food Composition for Herbivores Deck (14)
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1
Q

Grazers and Browsers

A

eat leaves, stems, vegetative parts of plants

includes algae (marine mammals) and lichen

does not include fruit, seeds, nectar, pollen or fungi

2
Q

forage and browse composition - CP

A

seasonal
<7% from late winter to early spring
~15-50% in the summer

fluctuates with cell wall content

3
Q

forage and browse composition- Cell wall content

A

cell wall content- hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin
>50% in late winter
~30% in mid summer

4
Q

forage and browse composition- soluble carbohydrates

A

~40% year round

5
Q

forage and browse composition- Ash

A

~5% year round

6
Q

forage and browse composition- EE

A

<5% year round

7
Q

Forage and Browse Accessibility

A

browse–> leaves, twigs, and other high-growing vegetation
changes with season
- as snow depth increases - may make is easier or harder to reach food
- some herbivores may need to access the forage below the snow

8
Q

Ash content

A

minerals are very important in herbivorous diets

  • Na, K, Ca, P
  • Na, Ca, P may be low in many plants
  • K is typically high in most plants
  • Na:K and Ca:P may be unbalanced
  • want Na:K to be 1:4
  • want Ca:P to be 2:1
9
Q

other sources of Na

A

road salt
rocks
dirt
artificial salt licks

10
Q

other sources of Ca

A

chewing bone
mineral licks
chewing eggshells
dirt

11
Q

Granivores

A

dry fruit eating frugivores

- eat cereal grains, nuts, seeds

12
Q

Cultivated seeds vs weed seeds

A

low CF vs high CF
high NFE vs low NFE

seed composition

  • germ is high in EE
  • endosperm is high in NFE
  • husk is high in CF
13
Q

Phorphorous availability

A

some P stored as phytate in seeds

  • mostly concentrated in the husk
  • reduces digestibility off other nutrients (CHO, CP, EE)
  • plant phytases turn phytate into available P when seeds sprout
14
Q

Mycophages

A
fungi eating animals
fungi are 75% water
CP is 60-80 unavailable --> mostly NPN
lots of NDF- lots of cell wall 
BAd Ca:P