FO101 - Intro to Formation/Visual Signals Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in FO101 - Intro to Formation/Visual Signals Deck (94)
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0
Q

What are the Wing responsibilities?

A

Maintain Position (PSI)
Mutual Support
Formation Integrity

Responsibilities: (SMART)
Sight (keep lead in sight)
Monitor lead
Aware (stay aware)
Radios (assist with radios)
Trust lead
1
Q

What are the lead responsibilities?

A
Clearing
Planning
Monitoring Wingman
Navigation
Communication
2
Q

What are the fingertip distance parameters?

A

30º behind
10 feet apart
slightly below

3
Q

What is the purpose of Route?

A

More separation
Enhances Clearing
In-flight checks/Radio calls
Allows wingman to relax

4
Q

What are the distance parameters for Route?

A

Line abreast to 30º Line
Two ship widths to 500 feet
Slightly below

5
Q

What is the max bank for Echelon Turn?

A

60º used in traffic pattern

ALWAYS turn away from wingman

6
Q

Position changes will only be accomplished when?

A

Route position, wings level

7
Q

What is the difference between “go” and “push” for channel frequency changes?

A

Go requires response

Push has no response

8
Q

What does a wing rock mean?

A

Pay attention to that aircraft

9
Q

What does a wing rock from lead while in route, indicate?

A

Go fingertip

10
Q

Initiate in-flight checks by ____________

A

radio or visual signal***

11
Q

What are two ways can number 1 signal for an in-flight check?

A

Radio or visual

12
Q

What is the signal for Knock-it-off with radio out?

A

Continuous wing rock

13
Q

Run up engine for takeoff

A

Hold hand closest to number 2 up, index finger extended and make small, rapid circular motion

Both crews run up engines, check flight instruments, and set takeoff power/rpm

14
Q

Ready for takeoff

A

After number 1 is ready for takeoff, number 1 looks at number 2
Number 2 gives appropriate head nod showing readiness

15
Q

Start takeoff roll

A

After number 2 signals ready for takeoff
Number 1 places head back toward headrest
Number 1 brings head forward for brake release
Number 2 releases brakes at same time as number 1

16
Q

When does number 2 raise his gear?

A

When he sees number 1’s gear begin to retract and you are sure you will remain airborne

17
Q

Lower gear

A

Fist with thumb extended downward against side of helmet
Move forearm up and down
Lower gear on head nod

18
Q

Lower flaps

A

Make flapping motion with forearm pointed rearward
Head nod - Number 2 should also watch number 1’s flaps
Not required for formation wing takeoffs

19
Q

Extend speed brake

A

Palm down, fingers extended
Make biting motion
Head nod

20
Q

Frequency Change

A

Preset - Tap headset with fingers and extend appropriate number of fingers. Pull hand down between digits
Prebriefed manual - Tap helmet, hold clenched fist next to helmet
Manual frequency not prebriefed

21
Q

Fuel check and fuel remaining

A

Drinking motion (May be used for in-flight check)
Fuel remaining - Extend one finger for each 1000 lbs of fuel
After signaling 1000 lb increments, pull hand out of sight then signal 100 lbs increments in the same manner

22
Q

Oxygen system check

A

Number 1 - cup hand over oxygen mask, followed by an OK sign

Number 2 - mimic signal if oxygen signal is OK

23
Q

Battle Damage check

A

Make check mark forward towards canopy

Number 2 executes prebriefed check

24
Q

Attention in the air

A

Rapid, shallow rocking of the wings

25
Q

Route signal

A

Slow pushing motion away with palm of hand

26
Q

Reform/tighten formation

A

Rock wings slowly

27
Q

Crossunder

A

Dip wing in the desired direction of the crossunder

28
Q

Pitchout

A

Make a circular motion with vertically extended index finger

29
Q

Echelon turn

A

Raise hand with index and little finger extended

30
Q

Position Change (Air Force)

A

Make several forward pointing motions, then hold up number of fingers to indicate present position of aircraft which is to assume the number 1

31
Q

Position Change (Navy)

A

Change Number 1 - Pat self on head while looking forward, then looks and points to number 2

32
Q

Bailing out/ejection

A

Face curtain signal

33
Q

Descend to lower altitude

A

Hold hand at top of canopy, palm down and move hand forward and down

34
Q

Desire to land

A

Make a landing motion with hand. As an alternate signal, lower the landing gear

35
Q

I must land immediately

A

Closed fist, thumb down, at top of canopy.
Move arm up and down rapidly

Do not confuse with “GEAR DOWN” signal

36
Q

I must land on your wing

A

Pat opposite shoulder, palm down
Other pilot gives OK signal
Basic approach speed of 130 KIAS (one finger for each 10 knot increase)
Distressed aircraft lands; escort executes low approach

37
Q

No Radio (Receiver or Transmitter)

A

Receiver - Tap earphone of helmet, move hand over the ear position forward and backward

Transmitter - Tap microphone or oxygen mask and move hand up and down in front of visor

38
Q

HEFOE

A

Initial signal - fist bump the top of the canopy

1 finger - Hydraulic
2 - Electrical
3 - Fuel
4 - Oxygen
5 - Engine
Clenched fist - Multiple system failures

Repeat signal back to ensure correct message received

39
Q

Hand signal Climb Check

A

In climb, oxygen system check signal

Cup hand over oxygen mask, followed by an OK sign

40
Q

OPS check hand signal

A

Drinking motion (thumb on mask, head tilted back)

41
Q

OBOGS status radio call

A

Texan 1, OBOGS good

2 OBOGS good

42
Q

Fuel and G Check radio call

A

Texan 1, 800, 4.0 G

2, 800, 4.5 G

43
Q

Traffic in sight/not in sight radio calls

A

Tally Ho

No Joy

44
Q

Knock-it-off radio calls

A

Any flight member: “TEXAN, KNOCK-IT-OFF”
“TEXAN 1, KNOCK-IT-OFF”
“TEXAN 2, KNOCK-IT-OFF”

45
Q

What is commonly used when number 2 wants to reestablish proper position then continue with the maneuver?

A

“TERMINATE” call

Aircraft will:
Cease maneuvering
Clear their flight path
Acknowledge the radio call
Proceed as briefed or directed

Example: Number 2 calls “TEXAN TERMINATE”,
reply: “TEXAN 1 TERMINATE”, “TEXAN 2 TERMINATE”
Number 1 smoothly transitions to a shallow turn or level flight
Number 2 reestablishes proper position then calls” TEXAN 2’s IN”

46
Q

Which aircraft normally takes number 1 in an emergency?

A

The emergency aircraft

47
Q

How often and in which situations should number 1 offer lead to the emergency aircraft?

A

1 When emergency occurs
2 On recovery when VFR
3 On final with field in sight

48
Q

What is the procedure for a formation midair collision?

A

Do no attempt to maintain formation
Number 1 should coordinate for separate clearances and chase ships
Both aircraft should accomplish controllability check

49
Q

Formation in-flight check are normally performed in what position during VMC?

A

Route

50
Q

What is the radio call if number 2 sees traffic 2 o’ clock position low at 3 miles?

A

“TEXAN 1, TRAFFIC RIGHT 2 O’CLOCK, SLIGHTLY LOW, 3 MILES”

51
Q

How should formation taxi be positioned relative to the wind?

A

Number 1 on downwind side

Number 2 on upwind side

52
Q

If wind or weather is not a factor, where should number 2 be positioned for takeoff?

A

Position number 2 on the inside of the turn

53
Q

Where should number 2 be positioned for takeoff if weather is a factor?

A

On the outside of the first turn (to simplify lost wingman procedures)

54
Q

Number 2 will line up on the fingertip line on takeoff with a minimum of ____ feet lateral wingtip clearance.

A

20 feet

55
Q

On takeoff, number should set approximately how much torque?

A

85-95%

56
Q

After takeoff, when should number 2 move to the fingertip position?

A

Maintain “stack level” until gear and flaps are retracted, the aircraft cleaned up, and the After Takeoff check complete.

57
Q

What are the weather minimums for an interval takeoff?

A

3sm, 1500’ ceiling

58
Q

Explain the takeoff procedure for number 1 during an interval takeoff.

A

Takeoff using MAX power
When airborne at a minimum of 160 KIAS, reduce power to 85-90% and maintain 160 KIAS to allow number 2 an airspeed advantage during closure
Once number 2 is in position, resume normal airspeeds

Number 2 should release brakes 6 seconds after number 1 starts moving

59
Q

What are the fingertip maneuvering limitations for bank, Gs and speed?

A

Max 90º of bank, 2 to 3 Gs, minimum of 120 knots

60
Q

What is the SMART acronym for number 2?

A

Keep number 1 in SIGHT at all times
MONITOR number 1’s aircraft operation and configuration
Remain AWARE of flight routing and collision potential
Monitor RADIOS
TRUST number 1 and follow directions

61
Q

Which direction are echelon turns always made? What is the maximum allowable bank in echelon turns?

A

Away from number 2

60º max bank

62
Q

How does aspect angle, closure, and angle off change with LEAD, PURE, and LAG persuit?

A

LEAD Persuit
Aspect angle INCREASES
Closure INCREASES
Angle off DECREASES

Pure Persuit
Aspect angle NEUTRAL
Closure INCREASES
Angle off NEUTRAL

LEAD Persuit
Aspect angle DECREASES
Closure DECREASES
Angle off INCREASES

63
Q

Explain the pitchout visual signal and procedure.

A

1 gives same visual signal as engine runup
2 acknowledges
1 clears and rolls crisply into 60º bank for 180º turn
2 waits 5 seconds after 1 initiates turn, then matches the turn and rolls out behind number 1
This maneuver sets the formation up for a rejoin

64
Q

What is “Take Spacing” and how is it accomplished?

A

Used when a pitchout may not be feasible

1 directs 2 to take spacing
Number 2 will acknowledge, and drop back to the briefed spacing by using power, speed brake, and maneuvering

65
Q

What is the visual signal and procedure for a turning rejoin?

A

Usually completed after a “pitchout” or “take spacing”
1 signals to rejoin with large wing rock (60º or more), then establishes 30º of bank and slow to 180 KIAS
2 increases airspeed 20 KIAS above rejoin speed and establishes a lead persuit
When the vertical stabilizer of 1 approximately bisects his outside wing, reduce angle of bank to maintain reference
Approach route, adjust power and use speed brake as necessary to establish 10 knots overtake or less
2 then closes to fingertip

66
Q

During a rejoin, what should 2 do if he is overtaking 1 too quickly?

A

Overshoot maneuver

67
Q

What are the parameters of fighting wing?

A

30-45º cone

500-1000 feet aft

68
Q

What is the radio call for fighting wing?

A

“TEXAN, GO FIGHTING WING”

69
Q

What 3 positions can number 1 initiate close trail?

A

Fingertip, Echelon, or Route

70
Q

What is the visual signal to go close trail?

A

Open hand on back of helmet

71
Q

Unless directed otherwise, which side should number 2 rejoin when straight and level?

A

Left side

72
Q

What is the radio call from number 2 when established in close trail?

A

“TEXAN 2’s IN”

73
Q

What is the lost wingman procedure for wings level?

A

Number 2 turns away 15º bank for 15 sec then resume course

74
Q

What is the lost wingman procedure for number 2 inside turn?

A

Number 2 reduces power and tells number 1 to roll out

Number 1 rolls out of turn and may resume turn after separation ensured

75
Q

What is the lost wingman procedure for Number 2 outside turn?

A

Number 2 reverses direction 15º bank for 15 sec before resuming course

76
Q

What is the lost wingman procedure for final approach?

A

Number 2 momentarily turns away, climbs to FAF or GS intercept altitude, flys to the MAP and obtains a separate clearance

77
Q

What is the lost wingman procedure for Missed Approach?

A

Number 2 momentarily turns away, flys published missed approach to 500 ft above published altitude

78
Q

What is the procedure if both wingmen lose sight of each other?

A

Number 1 will direct a deconfliction altitude for number 2 to maintain that provides a minimum of 1000 feet altitude separation

79
Q

What are the weather minimums for formation approaches?

A

500’ ceiling, 1.5 sm visibility

80
Q

What is the minimum power setting for a formation approach?

A

10% torque

81
Q

If a penetration turn is required where should number 2 be?

A

on the outside of the turn before starting down

82
Q

On a formation approach, when will number 2 stack level with number 1 and spread laterally to increase the margin of safety?

A

No later than 1/2 mile from the runway

83
Q

As number 2, delay a minimum of ___ seconds after number 1’s break before beginning your turn.

A

5 seconds

84
Q

When should lead place number 2 on the upwind side for takeoff? 9.30.3.1.1

A

When crosswind component exceeds 5 knots

85
Q

What is the minimum lateral wingtip clearance for takeoffs? 9.30.3.1.3

A

Minimum of 20 feet of lateral wingtip clearance

86
Q

When is the earliest time lead can retract his gear and flaps? 9.30.3.1.8

A

When the formation is safely airborne with a minimum of 110 KIAS

87
Q

Describe the procedure for an interval takeoff: 9.30.3.2

A

Same as wing takeoff through engine run-up

After 2 gives head nod that run up check is complete, number 1 releases brakes and performs a MAX power takeoff

2 waits 6 seconds and begins the takeoff roll in MAX power

When airborne at a minimum of 160 KIAS, 1 reduces power to 85 to 95% and maintains airspeed of 160 KIAS

88
Q

Describe the procedure for the instrument trail takeoff: 9.30.3.3

A

All form members must strictly adhere to the briefed climb speeds, power setting, altitudes, headings, and turn points

Takeoff spacing no less than 20 seconds

Each aircraft climbs at MAX power at 160 KIAS and uses 30º bank for all turns

until join-up or level-off, both 1 and 2 call when passing even number thousands of feet and heading changes

2 will maintain a minimum of 1,000 feet altitude separation from 1 until visual

89
Q

Describe the Wing Work Exercise bank angle, pitch, G loading and airspeed for level I, II & III: 9.31

A

I: 0º to 30º bank, +/-10º pitch, 1 to 2 Gs, 120 KIAS minimum
I: 0º to 60º bank, +/-25º pitch, 1 to 2 Gs, 120 KIAS minimum
I: 0º to 90º bank, +/-35º pitch, 1 to 3 Gs, 120 KIAS minimum

90
Q

For WW Ex, what airspeed and power settings should number 1 use for low and high areas? 9.31.4.1

A

180 to 200 KIAS
~8,000 to 10,000’ use 50 to 55%
~16,000 to 18,000’ use 55 to 60%

91
Q

What is Close Trail Exercise spacing?
In what positions may number 1 direct close trail?
What are the maneuvering limitations? 9.32

A

1 to 2 aircraft lengths (nose to tail) behind number 1, just below number 1’s wake turb and prop wash
1 may direct close trail from fingertip, route, or echelon (2 should call “in” before maneuvering)
Limitations are the same as WW Ex

92
Q

Describe a pitchout procedure. 9.33

How long should number 2 delay?

A

A level turn approximately 180º to provide spacing
1 Uses a radio call or visual signal, clears in direction of turn, and turns away from 2 using approx 60º of bank
2 delays 2-3 sec (500-1000’ spacing) or 5-7 sec (1500-2000’ spacing) and turns
After approx 90º of turn, vary bank and back stick pressure to attain desired spacing behind 1
Rejoin when directed

93
Q

What is Take Spacing? 9.34

A

Used to put 2 in trail position when a pitchout is not practical
1 directed 2 to take spacing or “Texan 2, take spacing”
Spacing can be achieved with a combination of maneuvering and deceleration by 2 or acceleration by 1
Do not exceed standard form limits (100 feet vertical and 6,000 feet horizontal if outside MOA)

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