Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 0

List four common causes of fluid volume overload.

Answer 0

• heart failure
• renal failure
• cirrhosis
• excess ingestion of table salt or over hydration with sodium containing fluids

Question 1

List four common causes of fluid volume deficit.

Answer 1

• GI causes: vomiting, diarrhea
• GI suctioning
• decrease in fluid intake
• increase in fluid output such as sweating, massive edema, ascites

Question 2

Identify two examples of isotonic IV fluids.

Answer 2

• Ringer’s lactate

- Normal saline

Question 3

List the three systems that maintain acid-base balance.

Answer 3

• lungs
• kidneys
• chemical buffers

Question 4

Cite the normal ABGs for the following: A) pH, B) PCO2, C) HCO3

Answer 4

Normal Values: A) 7.35-7.45, B) 35 to 45 mm Hg PCO2, C) 21 to 28 mEq/L HCO3

Question 5

Determine the following acid-base disorders:
A) pH 7.50, PCO2 30, HCO3 28
B) pH 7.30, PCO2 42, HCO3 20
C) pH 7.48, PCO2 42, HCO3 32
D) pH 7.29, PCO2 55, HCO3 28

Answer 5

A) respiratory alkalosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) metabolic alkalosis
D) respiratory acidosis