Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EXW Board > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Define First Aid?

A

Emergency care and treatment
of sick or injured person
before medical services are obtained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three primary purposes of First Aid?

A
  1. Save life.
  2. Prevent further injury
  3. Minimize or prevent infection.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Discuss the following steps in initial evaluation of a victim:

A
  • Assess situation
  • Keep patient lying down
  • Identify injuries
  • Check consciousness
  • Check breathing
  • Check pulse
  • Check for injuries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Discuss the possible causes/ treatment for Asphyxiation.

A 
Causes:
- little oxygen
- excess carbon dioxide
- obstructed airway 
- gassed 
- drowning 
- collapsed lung 
- CO poisoning 
- strangulation
Treatment: oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Discuss the probable causes/treatment for Hemorrhaging.

A
  • Causes: amputation, GSW, knife wound

- Treatment: direct pressure (dressing or tourniquet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Discuss the probable causes/ treatment of Cardiac arrest

A
  • Heart’s electrical system malfunction: heart attack, blood loss, shock
  • Treatment: CPR, AED, defibrillator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Discuss the probable causes/ treatment for Fractures

A 
Causes:
- Jump landing 
- Blasts, 
- GSW
- May be closed/open
Treatment: Immobilize bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Discuss the probable causes/ treatment for Burns

A 
Causes: chemical, fire, electricity
- burn - hot source
- scald - wet source
Treatment: depends 
1-3 Degree (worst)
Rule of 9s to evaluate extent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Discuss the probable cause/ treatment and treatment for Shock.

A

Causes: blood loss, nervous system failure
- hypovolemic: fluid loss
- vasogenic: blood vessels enlarge with no increase in fluid
- cardiogenic: heart not pumping
Treatment: cool/ warm person, lie down, elevate feet, fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define and discuss simple fractures and the treatment:

A 
Closed fracture
Usually swollen/ misshapen
Treatment:
1. Immobilize with splint
2. MTF asap
3. X-ray
4. Don't set.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define and discuss compound fractures and the treatment:

A 
Open fracture
Treatment:
1. Treat open wound and cover with bandage
2. Immobilize with splint
3. MTF asap
4. X-ray
5. Don't set.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Discuss the signs and symptoms of fractures.

A
  • discoloration
  • disfigurement
  • bruising
  • swelling
  • difficulty moving
  • numbness
  • pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you treat a fracture of the arm (upper or lower?)

A
  • stop bleeding
  • treat wound with sterile dressing
  • splint
  • secure arm to the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you treat a forearm fracture?

A
  • splint on underside of arm
  • apply strap above and below fracture
  • place in sling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you treat an upper arm fracture?

A
  • splint innner and outer upper arm
  • apply strap above and below fracture
  • sling across body with wrist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you treat a fracture of the upper leg?

A
  • Two splints
  • Inner/outer groin to foot
  • Secure in five places
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many securing straps should there be on a splint for an upper leg fracture

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you treat a fracture of the lower leg?

A
  • Splints on inner and outer side of leg

- Straps above and below fracture site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you treat a fracture of the Jaw?

A
  • If interfering with breathing, pull jaw and tongue forward

- Apply 4 tailed bandage ensuring it pulls jaw forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you treat a fracture of the Nose?

A
  • stop bleed
  • tip head backwards
  • apply ice pack
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you treat a fracture of the Skull?

A
  • lie victim down
  • apply direct pressure
  • raise head and shoulders slightly
  • monitor victims closely
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you treat a fracture of the Spine?

A
  • prevent shock
  • keep warm
  • place on spine board to prevent further injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do you treat a fracture of the Rib?

A
  • Tape flail area upon exhale

- Strap arm to side of chest, if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do you treat a fracture of the Shoulder?

A
  • Apply sling

- Place forearm across chest, wrist 4 inches above elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an arterial bleeding?

A
  1. Bright red
  2. Gushes with heartbeat
  3. If deep wound, will flow in steady stream
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a venous bleeding?

A
  1. Dark red
  2. Steady
  3. Even flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe when it is appropriate to use direct pressure

A
  1. Apply direct pressure

2. If bleed through, 5-10 min direct pressure directly on dressing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe when it is appropriate to use pressure dressing.

A

When direct pressure and elevation does not stop bleeding

  • Change dressing
  • Add wad of padding
  • Wrap pressure dressing around wound, tying firmly but not tourniquet tight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe when it is appropriate to use indirect pressure

A

When direct pressure/ elevation unsuccessful

- Apply direct pressure further up the extremity on a pressure point

30
Q

Describe when it is appropriate to use tourniquet

A
  • When not using one may cause loss of life
  • When bleeding through pressure dressing
  • Don’t loosen once applied
  • Mark time applied, “T” on forehead.
31
Q

Discuss the symptoms and treatments of shock.

A 
Symptoms:
1. Clammy skin 
2. pale, blotchy, blue 
3. nervous 
4. thirsty 
5. blood loss 
6. confusion 
7. fast/ shallow breathing
8. nausea and vomiting 
Treatment:
1. Move victim to cover, out of sun 
2. Lay on back, 
3. Elevate feet
32
Q

Discuss the symptoms and treatment for first degree burn

A
  • Skin irritated/ red and tingles
  • Apply burn cream, hydrate
  • Usually 1 week recovery
33
Q

Discuss the symptoms and treatment for second degree burn

A 
Symptoms:
- Affects top layer of skin 
- Skin blisters and red 
- Wound may weep 
Treatment:
- Do not pop blister
- Motrin
- Water
- Bandage
- 2-3 week recovery
34
Q

Discuss the symptoms and treatment for third degree burn

A 
Symptoms:
- Burn into muscle, fat, bone
- Tissue and nerve damage
- Skin is charred black and will be scarred
- Loss of function
Treatment:
- Elevate and get to MTF
35
Q

Discuss treatment for chemical burn

A
  • flush with potable water

- treat as normal burn

36
Q

Discuss the treatment for chest wound

A
  1. establish and maintain ABCs
  2. gently feel chest to locate edges of flail area
  3. stabilize flail area with pad/dressing/pillow and secure with wide cravats
  4. position casualty with the flail area against an external object in a semi-sitting position or lying on injured side
  5. treat for shock
  6. MEDEVAC
37
Q

Discuss the treatment for abdominal wound

A
  • Requires immediate surgical treatment

- Stabilize all other wounds and any protruding organs, keeping them moist

38
Q

Discuss the treatment for head wound

A 
Closed: 
- direct blow to head (concussion-headache, double vision; contusion-internal bruise with swelling, can cause loss of consciousness); 
- treat for shock, get to MTF
Open: 
- treat wound 
- check responsiveness and motor function
- bandage
- stabilize
- MTF
39
Q

Discuss the treatment for eye injuries

A

Assess eyes: PEARRL

  • pupils
  • equal
  • round
  • regular in size
  • react to light
    1. Remove any foreign objects with no pressure on the eye or flush eye
    2. If object can’t be removed, bandage and get to MTF immediately
40
Q

Discuss the treatment for facial wounds

A
  • Abrasions, contusions, lacerations, avulsion (tearing of tissue from body part)
  • Treat according to first aid
41
Q

Discuss the following methods of transporting victim using a Stokes stretcher.

A
  • Wire and mesh

- Water-based rescue

42
Q

Discuss the following methods of transporting victims using a Blanket drag.

A
  • Wrap victim in a blanket and drag to safety

- Used when victim is larger than rescuer

43
Q

Discuss the following methods of transporting victims using Firemen carry.

A

When victim is unconscious or unable to walk

44
Q

Discuss the following methods of transporting victims using a 4-handed seat carry.

A

When patient has serious wounds or broken bones

45
Q

Discuss the following methods of transporting victims using a Tied-hands carry.

A
  • Patients hands tied together and placed over rescuers head and neck
  • Patient is dragged in bear crawl
  • Patient is unconscious and moved over a short distance
  • Head not supported
46
Q

Discuss the following methods of transporting victims using a Pack-strap carry.

A

Able to carry heavy patient for long distance

47
Q

Define the symptoms and treatment for Heatstroke.

A 
20% death rate 
- Body temp over 105 deg F
- flushed, hot, dry skin 
Treat: cool with damp towels or ice packs on groin, armpits
MTF asap
48
Q

Define the symptoms and treatment for Heat exhaustion.

A
  • Weak
  • dizzy
  • nausea
  • loss of appetite
  • clammy skin
    Treat: Cool patient, plenty of fluids
    MTF asap
49
Q

Define the symptoms and treatment for Heat cramps.

A
  • Ab, leg, arm muscle cramps
  • dehydration
    Treat: Give cool water to drink in a cool place, 1 teaspoon of salt to 1 liter of water to re-hydrate
    Apply pressure or massage muscles
    If symptoms worsen, move to MTF.
50
Q

Define the symptoms and treatment hypothermia.

A
  • Body’s core temperature drops
  • Shivering
  • Indifference to surroundings
  • Drowsy or unconscious
  • Shock
  • Death when temp drops to 80 deg F
    Treat:
  • Get victim breathing and in dry, warm clothes
  • Soak in warm-to-elbow tub (100-104)
  • Watch for shock upon immersion
51
Q

Define the symptoms and treatment frostbite.

A

Chillblain: 32-60 deg F
Frostbite: ice crystals form on skin and in deep tissue once temp is below 32 deg F
Re-warm affected skin by water immersion, skin-skin contact, or warm water bottle
Once warm, bandage, keep elevated, warm and clean, and get to MTF.

52
Q

What is a capillary bleeding?

A
  • Dark red,

- Slowly oozes out

53
Q

What is Rule of Nines

A

Chart to establish burn severity over body

54
Q

Discuss the symptoms and treatment for thermal burns

A

Depth, extent, and location of thermal burns affect treatment

55
Q

Discuss the symptoms and treatment for electrical burn

A
  • Burns to large areas under the surface of skin
  • Use CPR/AED
  • MTF asap
56
Q

Discuss the symptoms and treatment for chemical burn

A
  • Chemical destruction of body tissue, usually eyes, mouth, limbs
  • Alkaline burns are deeper and last longer than acid burns
57
Q

What is Line 1 in Nine line Medevac?

A

Pickup location grid coordinates

58
Q

What is Line 2 in Nine line Medevac?

A

RF frequency, callsign, suffix.

59
Q

What is Line 3 in Nine line Medevac?

A

Patient precedence (A-urgent, B-urgent surgery, C-priority, D-routine, E-convenient).

60
Q

What is Line 4 in Nine line Medevac?

A

Special equipment (A-none, B-hoist, C-extraction equipment, D-ventilator).

61
Q

What is Line 5 in Nine line Medevac?

A

Number of patients by type (A-litterborn, B-ambulatory).

62
Q

What is Line 6 in Nine line Medevac?

A

Number and type of wounds (peacetime)

Security of pick up site (times of war: N-no EPAX, P-poss. EPAX, E-EPAX, X-armed escort req).

63
Q

What is Line 7 in Nine line Medevac?

A

Method of marking pick-up site (A-panel, B-pyro, C-smoke, D-none, E-other).

64
Q

What is Line 8 in Nine line Medevac?

A

Patient’s nationality and status (A-US MIL, B-US CIV, C-non-US MIL, D-non-US CIV, E-EPW).

65
Q

What is Line 9 in Nine line Medevac?

A

Terrain (peacetime)

Contamination (time of war; N-nuclear, B-biological, C-chemical).

66
Q

Discuss the Tactical Combat Casualty Care triage categories.

A
  • Minimal (Green Tag, minor injuries)
  • Delayed (Yellow Tag, time-consuming surgery)
  • Immediate (Red Tag, life-saving surgery req. with high chance of survival)
  • Expectant (Black Tag, extensive wounds unlikely to survive)
67
Q

Discuss the steps regarding Care under fire.

A
  1. Return fire and/or move casualties to cover
  2. Treat life-threatening hemorrhage with tourniquet
  3. Continue with mission or fight.
68
Q

Discuss the steps regarding Tactical field care.

A

Secure and establish Casualty Collection Point (CCP) for triage and/or thorough treatment

69
Q

Discuss the steps regarding Tactical evacuation.

A
  • Observe required life-saving needs, if casualties can obey commands
  • If weak pulse or in respiratory distress MEDEVAC/CASEVAC
70
Q

What is the special gauze used in the field to aid in control of bleeding?

A

Combat gauze

71
Q

What does M.I.S.T stand for and why is it used?

A 
A report on treatment provided to victim: 
M-mechanism of injury
I-type of injury
S-signs or symptoms
T-treatment given.

EXW Board (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions