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Flashcards in Fire in Nature Deck (24)
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1
Q

What’s the 2 year project called that’s been launched in Europe?

A

IGNIS (2016)

2
Q

What’s IGNIS aiming to do?

A

Improve the fire and rescue response by bringing together knowledge and expertise

3
Q

Example of a group involved in IGNIS

A

Northumberland Fire and Rescue Service

4
Q

Wildfire

A

Any rural fire that’s uncontrolled and spreading

5
Q

3 Aspects of the Fire Triangle

A

Oxygen
Heat
Fuel

6
Q

Natural Causes of Wildfire

A

Lightning

Lava

7
Q

Humans Causes of Wildfire

A
Falling power lines
Campfires
Fireworks 
Arson 
Agricultural burning (controlled fires)
8
Q

El Nino Effect

A

Climate cycle in the Pacific Ocean where warm water in the Western Pacific Ocean moves eastwards along the equator to South America

9
Q

Why does the El Nino Effect cause more intense burning?

A

As it’s drier and hotter

10
Q

Why does drought favour more intense wildfires?

A

Low levels of retained water in plants- burns more quickly

11
Q

Ladder Fuel

A

Live or dead vegetation allowing a fire to climb from the forest floor to the tree canopy, meaning the fire is more influenced by winds

12
Q

Preparedness: 2 Countries Techniques on Educating

A

America- Smokey Bear

Australia- TV Adverts

13
Q

Preparedness: What are computer simulations used to do?

A

Model the fires track

14
Q

Preparedness: 2 Ways of Spotting Wildfires

A

Aircraft survey large areas

Satellites provide low resolution images

15
Q

What do Australia have on weather forecasts?

A

Fire Danger Ratings

16
Q

Prevention: 2 ways to prevent a wildfire

A

Manage vegetation

Manage built environment

17
Q

Prevention: How does managing vegetation work?

A

Controlled burning creates fire breaks, stopping a fire during a disaster

18
Q

Prevention: 3 ways to manage the built environment

A

Increase gaps between homes
Install fire beaters in areas where barbecues and campfires are common so fire doesn’t rapidly spread
Use more fire resistant burning methods

19
Q

Why’s it important to replant trees after a wildfire?

A

To avoid flash floods and mudslides on unprotected slopes

20
Q

3 Aspects to Conditions needed for Wildfires

A

Vegetation Type
Climate / Weather
Fire Behaviour

21
Q

Vegetation Type Key Points

A

Dense- fire can easily spread
How dry it is
Eucalyptus- highly volatile, burns easily

22
Q

Climate / Weather Key Points

A

Rainfall needs to be sufficient for vegetation growth
Dry seasons, vegetation dries and becomes more flammable
Strong winds = more oxygen so fire can spread more quickly
El Nino

23
Q

Fire Behaviour Key Points

A

Topography- moves faster uphill

Burning debris causes the fire to spread more quickly

24
Q

Difference between Ground fire, Surface fire, and Crown fire

A

Ground- slow, smouldering, no flame, little smoke
Surface- leaf litter, low lying vegetation burns, can be low or high intensity
Crown- moves rapidly through canopy, most intense and fastest moving