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Building Deign & Construction Systems > Finishes > Flashcards

Finishes Flashcards

1
Q

plater vs. stucco

A

plaster - made up of lime, aggregates of sand, vermiculite or perlite, and water; vermiculite and perlite are used when a lightweight, fire resistant plaster is neeed

stucco - made from portaldn cement, lime, sand, and water; used for xterior applications; also used for backing tiled walls

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2
Q

keene’s cement

A

a plaster that has a high reistance to abrasion and water penetration

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3
Q

plaster applied to metal lathe

A
  • apply on metal lather; expanded diamond mesh, paper backed diamond mesh, flat ribbed lath, and high rib lathe; expanded diamond is most ommon general use ; paper backed type has asphalt impregnated into it ; rib is more rigid due to one way V-shaped ribs and is used for ceilings
  • typically applied in three coats; first coat is scratch coat (1/4 in thick); second coat is brown coat (1/4 in thick); thrid coat is finish coat (1/8 in thick)
  • in two coat applications, scratch coat and brown coat are comdbined
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4
Q

plaster applied to gypsum board lathe

A
  • special gypsum product design for plasstering
  • 16 in x 48 in or 48 in x 96 in
  • one or two coats of thin veneer plaster are applied over the boards
  • veneer plastering reduces labor over the traditonal method because only one coat is needed
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5
Q

gypsm boar dused for fire resistance is called…

A

type X

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6
Q

The main source of snthetic gypsum in North America is

A

flue gas desulfurization

-process wherby power generating plants remove polluting gases from their stacks to reduce emission of harmful materials into the atmosphere

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7
Q

one of the resasons why residential contractors prefer to use wood studs is because

A

wood studs can be used for load bearing walls

-metal studs can be used for load bearing walls but the steel has to be a heavy enough gage

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8
Q

most common gage for metal studs is

A

25 gage, 22 gage, and 20 gage

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9
Q

types of wall board trim

A

LC bead: edge trim requiring finishing with joint compound

L bead:edge trim without a back flangel good for installation after the wallboard has been installed. it requires finishing with joint compound

LK bead: edge trim for use with a kerfed jamb. it requires finishing with joint compound

U bead: edge trim that does not require finishing with joint compound, but does hae a noticeable edge; sometime called J metal by contractors

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10
Q

glass reinforced gypsum (GRG)

A
  • also known as fiberglass reinforced gypsum (FRG) and glass fiber reinforced gypsum (GFRG)
  • used for decorative elements such as column covers, arches, coffered ceilings, ornate moldings, light troughs, and trim
  • can be manufactured in a variety of shapes that wouldotherwise be too expnsive to achieve with site fabricated lath and plaster
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11
Q

two common types of tile

A
  • ceramic: relatvively thin in relation to facial areal; made from clay and other mixtures of ceramic material
  • quarry tile: glazed or unglazed tile made by the extrusion process from natural clay or shale
  • ceramic mosaic: formed by either the dust pressed or extrusion method
  • dust pressing: uses large presses to shape the tile out of relatively dry clay; extrusion process uses machine to cut tiles from a wetter and more malleable clay extruded though a die
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12
Q

nonvitreous tile

A

tile with water absorption of more than 7%

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13
Q

semivitreous tile

A

tile with water absorption of more than 3 % but not more than 7%

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14
Q

vitreous tile:

A

tile with water absorption of more than 5 % but nor more than 3%

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15
Q

impervious tile

A

tile with water absorption of 0.5 % or less

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16
Q

mosaic tile:

A

tile under 6 sq in

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17
Q

wall tile

A

tile over 6 sq in

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18
Q

quarry tile

A

glazed or unglased nonmosaic tile made by the extrusion method

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19
Q

paver tile

A

glazed or unglazed tile over 6 sq in made by the dust pressed method

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20
Q

classification for tile abrasion

A

Group I: light residential

Group II: moderate residential

Group III:maximum residential

Group IV: highest abrasion resistance– commercial

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21
Q

in suspended ceiling with a return air plenum, exposed wiring can sometimes (depending on some codes) be left exposed if

A

the wiring is used for telephone, computer, low voltage wiring, and signal systems

-and if they have an approved teflon coated covering

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22
Q

seismic restraint for suspended ceilings

A
  • individual light fixtures and other types of equipment that are normally supported by the ceiling grid must be independently supported with wires
  • the actual weight of the ceiling systems, including lights and air terminals, should be 2.5 lbm/sq ft
  • the ceiling system should not be used to provide lateral support for partition; instead partitions should be braced
  • ceiling angles shoul provide at least a 7/8 in ledge, and there must be at least a 3/8 in clearance from the edge of the tile to the wall
  • perimeter main runners and cross runners must be prevented from spreading without relying on permanent attachement to the ceiling angle
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23
Q

When installed wood flooring, this can be found in the permieter to account for expansion of the wood.

A

a 3/4 in gap

this gap is concealed by the wood base around the perimeter

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24
Q

when installing wood flooring, what is one advantage of sleepers as opposed to a continuous plywood sub floor?

A

sleepers offer a more resilient floor underfoot; feels more comfortable

-resilient pads can also be used instead of sleepers; even more resilient than sleepers; often used for dance and gym floors

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25
Q

advantages of laminate flooring

A

hard, durable, resistant to staining

-can be used in most locations; not recommended for bathrooms

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26
Q

advantages of solid sheet vinyl floorings

A

color and pattern extend through entire thickens

  • very durable, and resistant to indentation and rolling wheeled traffic
  • seems can be sealed with heat welding or solvent welding, making it good to use for health care facilities, clean rooms, and industrial flooring
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27
Q

advantages of linoleum

A
  • composed of oxidized linseed oil
  • very good abrasion and grease resistance, but limited resistance to alkalis
28
Q

advantages and disdvantages of cork flooring

A
  • typically used for acoustical control or resilience
  • not resitant to staining, moisture, or concentrated foot traffic, or heavy loads
  • should only be used above grade
  • must be sealed and waxed to protect surface
29
Q

carpet pitch

A

number of warp lines of yarn in a 27 inch width

-the higher the pitch and stitch numbers, the denser the carpet

30
Q

carpet stitch

A

the number of lengthwise tufts in 1 in

31
Q

tufting

A
  • most common way of producing carpet
  • done by inserting pile yarns through a prewoven backing
  • the tope of the yarn is then cut off
32
Q

carpet tufting

A
33
Q

carpet materials

A
  • wool:most expensive
  • nylon: economical; very strong and water resistant; high stain resistance and easy to clean; appearance is less appealing
  • acrylic: moderate durability; more wool-like appearance than nylon; easy maintanance; good crush resistance
  • polypropylene: used for indoor - outdoor carpeting; good durability and resistance to abrasion and fading; poor resiliency
34
Q

why is cushion recommended for carpet installation

A
  • not appropriate for all carpet types
  • generally, increases the life of the carpet, provides increased resiliency and comfort, helps sound absorption, lessens impact noise, improves thermal qualities in some situations
35
Q

carpet cushioning materials

A

sponge rubber:

felt

urethane

foam rubber

36
Q

what is the pill test when referring to carpet flamibility

A
  • ASTM D-2859
  • known as the methenamine pill test (DOC FF-1)
  • methenamine tablite is ignited in the center of a 9 in x 9 in carpet tile
  • if carpet burns to within 1 in of the edge of the edge of an 8 in distance from the center, the carpet fails
37
Q

carpet flammability is regulated in two ways

A

1) limits carpet’s ability to ignite and sustain a fire
2) limits capret’s flammability when subject to the heat and flame of a fully developed fire

38
Q

components of paint

A

vehicle-which is the liquid part of the coating; has non volatile part called the binder; the volatile part is called the solvent

body-pigmets(if coating is opaque

  • binder, along with the body forms the actual film of the coating
  • solvent evaporates and dries, leaving the final finish
  • the body of most paints is titanium oxide which is white
39
Q

ideal conditions for applying paint

A

dry conditions

temperatures between 55 - 85 deg F

40
Q

advantages of epoxy paint

A

used for places than need high resistnace to corrosion and chemical

  • high resistance to abrasion and strongly adhere to concrete, metal, and woo
  • high performance coating
  • must be applied by skilled painters
  • noxious requires use of ventilation mask
41
Q

advantages of urethan based paint

A
  • like epoxy, considered high performance
  • used for superior resistance to abrasion, grease, alcohol, water, and fuels
  • interior applications include clear coverings for wood floros
  • exterior applications include pigmented paint for anti graffiti coatings
42
Q

Which of the following types of wood floors would be least appropriate for a commercial office?

a. block
b. parquet
c. resilient
d. strip

A

c resilient

relient floors are commonly used for theater stages, dance floors, and gymnasiums

43
Q

Which of the following flooring types has the highest resilience?

a. asphalt
b. cork
c. linoleum
d. vinyl composition

A

b. cork

cork’s resilience is similat to that of rubber tile

44
Q

the standardized levels of finish in the gypsum wall board industry refer, among other things, to the

A

number of coats of joint compound.

the gypsum association publishes Recommeneded Levels of Gypsum Board Finish, which gives six levels of finish. One requirement for these levels is the number of coats of joint compound used.

  • the levels are 0,1,2,3,4 and 5
  • level 0 requires no taping, finish, or accessorieswhile level 5 requires 3 coats of joints compound over joints and fastener heads, as well as a final skim coat over th entire surface of hte wall
45
Q

Which paint type would serve best as an anti-graffitti coating?

a. acrylic
b. alkyd
c. oil
d. urethane

A

d. urethane

It’s a high performance eoating and has superior resistance to abrasion, grease, alcohol, water, and fuels

-it resists the adhesion to graffit

46
Q

In order to achieve the most uniform, straight-grain appearance in wood paneling, which of the following should be specified?

a. plain slicing
b. rotary slicing
c. quarter slicing
d. half-round slicing

A

c. quarter slicing

plain slicing - “cathedral appearance”

rotary - most varied grain appearance

half round - moderate amount of pattern

quarter slicing - cuts perpendicular to growth rings

47
Q

the portion of paint that evaporates or dries is called the…

a. binder
b. pigment
c. solvent
d. vehicle

A

c. solvent
- the vehicle consists of two parts: the nonvolatile part called the binder; the volatile part called the solvent
- solvent evaporates

48
Q

in determining the width and gage of gypsum board framing, the thickness of gypsum is not critical because…

A

…there is little difference in the weights of 3/8, 1/2. and 5/8 in boards

  • the number of layers can affect the total weight
49
Q

which of the following statements about veneer stone is FALSE?

a. it can be fabricated 3/8 in thick
b. copper or steel clamps are used to anchor the stone to the substrate
c. only special types of portalnd cement mortar or sealnts should be used in the joints
d. it can be supported on masonry, concrete, steel or wood framing

A

b. copper or steel clamps are used to anchor the stone to the substrate

only non corrosive metals, such as stainless steel, should be used to anchor stone, both copper and steel would deteriorate over time

50
Q

which of the following is th emost important consideration in detailing a wood strip floor?

a. flame spread rating
b. expansion space at the perimeter
c. nailing method
d. moisture protection from below

A

d. moisture protection from below
- moisture is one of the biggest problems with wood floors, and keeping moisture out in the first palce would miimise other problems such as expansion at the perimeter

51
Q

ceramic mosaic tile in a public shower is best installed over

A

a full bed of portland cement.

it offers the best water resistance in high use wet areas

52
Q

on floors subject to deflection, both terrazzo and granite installation should include

A

a membrane

  • a membrane is part of a total assembly that also includes reinforcing and a thick bed of mortar on which the granite is laid or that is part of the terrazzo
  • the membrane allows the structural slab to move independently of the finish floorings so that any delfection does not crack the floor
53
Q

• 3 types of specifications to choose from:

A

• Proprietary (Closed) Spec: does not allow for substitution, and typically used to control aesthetics, function, and quality.
• Identify name, model number, finish type, and submittal requirement.
• Descriptive (Open) Spec: used in competitive bidding, and does not give level of
control in closed spec.
• Describe characteristics, materials, finishes, workmanship, and fabrication of
products and give list of comparable manufactures.
• Performance Spec: used with vendors who propose products they think will meet
requirements
• Describe only the desired/required results. Give no characteristics or
manufactures.

54
Q

an architect is writing specifications for a small clothing boutique. the architect has worked closely with the talented owner and fashion deisgner to plan an intricately detailedtile floor for the main showroom. The designer wishes to use a type of marble she saw installed in a friend’s home in Rome. Which type of specification is more apporpriate

a. prescriptive
b. proprietary
c. descriptive
d. reference standard

A

b. proprietary

A proprietary spec would be appropriate in this situation because it would give the architect the most control over the product provided and installed by the contractor.

  • the architect and owner would have the opportunity to select the products they want to use for the floor and would refer to those specific products in the spec.
  • a proprietary spec is a type of closed, or prescriptive spec
55
Q

descriptive spec is

A

a type of open spec.

  • they outline the final results desired but do not specifically tell the contractor what materials to use
  • descriptive specs require the architect to list all of the desired characterisitcs of the material and put the onus on the contractor to find a product that will satisfy the requirements
  • difficult to write because of the level of detail that must be included to ensure that an apporpriate product is chosen
56
Q

a reference standard spec is

A

a type of open spec

  • simpler to write than descriptive specs
  • refers to industry standards to deine the desired characteristics of materials and installation items
57
Q

materials or assemblies with a high NRC generally have a

a. high STC
b. low STC
c. high reverberation time
d. low absorption coefficient

A

b. low STC
- materials or assemblies with a high NRC generally have a low STC

58
Q

a tactile finish should be applied to hardware on a door that leads to a building’s

a. fire stairs
b. boiler room
c. restrooms
d. exterior

A
59
Q

When specifying a a hardowod floor over a concrete slab on grade, which of the following should hte architect also specify ?

a. 3/4 in plywood subflooring and 15# building felt
b. 3.4 in tongue and groove plywood placed over a layer of mastic
c. treated wood sleepers on mastic and a layer of polyurethane vapor barrier
d. 15# building felt

A
60
Q

for a commercial toilet room, it is best to use what type of tile to withstand moisture and harsh chemical cleaners?

A

vitreous

nonvitreous - 7%-15% absorption

semivitreous - 3%-7% absorption

vitreous - 0.05% to 3% absorption

impervious - less than 0.05% absorption

61
Q

name the levels of absorption for the following

nonvitreous

semivitreous

vitreous

impervious

A
62
Q

which of the following edge treatments for gypsum board odes not require finishing with joint compund?

a. LC bead
b. L bead
c. LK bead
d. U bead

A

d. U bead

U bead is also sometimes called J bead or J metal

63
Q

stick systems

A

principal components are metal mullions and glass panels

  • low shipping bulk
  • high degre of adjustability
  • must be assembled on site, under high variable conidtions
64
Q

unit systems

A
  • takes full advantage of factory assembly
  • minimizes on site labor
  • units require more space during shipping; require more protection during shipping
65
Q

unit and mullion system

A
  • seldom used today
  • offers middle ground between the stick and unit systems
66
Q

panel system

A
  • made up of homogeneous units that are formed from metal sheet
  • advantages and disadvantages are similar to unit systems
  • but production involves the higher tooling costs of a custom made dies or mold, which is only advantgous for a building requiring a large number of identical parts
67
Q

column cover and spandrel system

A

emphasizes the structural module of the building rather than creating its own grid on the facade

  • custom design must be created for each project because there is no standard column or floor spacing for buildings
  • spaecial care is required in detailing the spandrel panel support of ensure that the panels do not deflect when loads are applied to the spandrel beams

Building Deign & Construction Systems (12 decks)

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