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Flashcards in Finish Materials Deck (21)
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1
Q

Lath and plaster

A

plaster is cementing compound (usu gypsum and lime or portland cement) fine aggregates (sand, vermiculite, perlite)

lightweight fire-resistant plaster uses perlite, vermiculite

Keene’s cement, intense heat makes very hard, resistant plaster, used in wet/high abuse areas

stucco aka portland cement plaster is pland cement, lime, sand, water, used on ext, tile backing, base coat for others

lath is attached to studs

metal lath comes in diamond mesh (can be paper-backed, more flexible), flat ribs, ribs

first coat is ‘scratch coat’, middle is ‘brown coat’ (skipped in two coat), last is ‘finish coat’ (thinnest)

gypsum board can be used at lath aka rock lath, but is a special product, only use thin veneer coats of plaster, allow fire rating

edges finished w metal trim pcs: corner beads, casing beads, base screeds, expansion joints (min every 10 ft)

2
Q

Gypsum wallboard

A

drywall, sheetrock, calsium sulfate dihydrate

fire resistant, cheap, easy to install, good sound control, versatile

standard 4’ x 8/10/12/14’

some have fire rating (thicker, 3/4”) or needs 2-ply of gyp., type X

5/8” is standard high-quality, 1/2” for cheap residential, double 3/8” often used in remodels, 1/4” for just putting it over old walls

square edge, TNG edge, taper edge (most common, allows tape)

foil backed for vapor barriers, backing board as tile substrate, water-resistant for wet applictns, abuse-resistant for high traffic, mold-resistant uses inorganic facings, predecorated w vinyl covering

faced w fiberglass is used as ext sheathing

screwed to framing, adhered to masonry w mastic

half the gypsum used is synthetic, made from an industrial by-product (flue-gas desulfurization)

hard to recycle old gyp, but some farmers use it for grapes, peas, peanuts

3
Q

Gypsum wallboard trims

A

cornerbead

LC bead, L bead, LK bead, U bead/J metal, F reveal

4
Q

Glass-reinforced gypsum

A

GRG, molded in factory to any shape, either continuous filament glass fibers or chopped glass fibers

aka fiberglass-reinforced gypsum, glass-fiber-reinforced gyp

for decorative elements

5
Q

Tile

A

clay or clay mixtures; durable, fire and water resistant, cleanable, store thermal enegy

ceramic tile: glazed, unglazed, fired clay, can be dust pressed from dry clay

quarry tile: glazed, unglazed, natural clay or shale by extrusion process

nonvitreous (water abs more than 7%), semivitreous (3-7%), vitreous (0.5-3%), impervious (0-0.5%)

group I light residential, group II moderate residential, group III max residential, group IV high abrasion resistance/commercial

sizes are nominal; come with matching trim pcs

installationw full-mortar bed o/felt or membrane w welded wire fabric or metal lath (floor or stronger) or on backer board (cementitous panel w glass-mesh facing) w thinset mortar (wall, clg or less traffic)

6
Q

Terrazzo

A

chips of marble, granite, quartz, etc in matrix of cementitous (portland cement, sand, water) and/or chemical (epoxy, polyester, polyacrylate, resinous, carbon to make conductive/reduce static buildup) mix

poured, mixed while wet, then ground down

PIP or precast

standard (small chips), venetian (larger chips), Palladiana (strips of marble between panels), rustic (depressed matrix to show chips)

install methods: sand cushion for floating floor, bonded when movement isn’t an issue, monolithic or thinset (cheapest) when thickness is an issue

7
Q

Stone finishes

A

marble, granite, slate

3/4”-7/8” thick, attached w SS wires/ties go through backing, lumps of plaster of paris aka ‘spots’ adhere to backing

instal as floating, bonded, thinset

8
Q

Acoustical suspended ceilings

A

ACT: acoustic ceiling tile, made of wood fiber, mineral fiber, glass fiber, often w recycled content (50-90%)

lay-in: tiles layed on top of grid, tegular: rabbeted edges, concealed grid

other types: metal strips, wood grids, fabric covered acoustical batts

coordinate w recessed lights, ductwork, sprinklers, fire alarms, smoke detectors, shade pockets, etc.

space above often used as return air plenum, if so, no combustible materials allowed above ceiling, all wiring in metal conduit, unless plenum-rated by NFPA

can be fire-rated, as part of a rated assembly

9
Q

Seismic restraints

A

for nonstructural walls/partitions, cabinets, access floors, sprinkler pipes, bookcases, suspended ceilings

seismic design category: classified by soil (A/hard rock, B/rock, C/very dense soil/soft rock, D/stiff soil/default, E/soft soil, F/special soil), by risk/occupancy categories (I/miscellaneous, II/standard, III/hazardous, IV/essential), and by region

categories = A/least restrictive to F/most

10
Q

Wood flooring

A

wood or engineered wood

strip (most common, TNG), plank (wider, TNG), block (herringbone common, veneer sometimes, unit blocks are strips w steel or wood splines), solid block (end grain, very resistant, usu industrial

11
Q

Engineered Flooring

A

wood veneer, 3-7 layers, finished or unfinished

more dimensionally stable, unless very dry

floating floor; installed over layer of foam padding

can’t be refinished, reduces lifespan

parquet/mastic adhered, peel and stick, plastic laminate (clear wearing o/ melamine-impregnated printed sheet o/ phenolic-impregnated kraft paper, on high density fiberboard, water resistant backer), usu on foam backer, often TNG edges

if over concrete, vapor barrier needed

12
Q

Grades and species of wood floor

A

clear, select, no. 1 common, no. 2 common, plain sawn, quarter sawn

beech, birch, maple in first, second, third grades

red oak, white oak, pecan, mahogany, walnut

yellow pine, fir, western hemlock

bamboo, palm wood (considered green because rapidly renewable)

finishes: water based urethanes (no VOCs), oil based or modified (no VOCs) urethanes (more durable), moisture cured and acid cured (Swedish finish) bad VOCs / very durable, factory finished

13
Q

Wood floor installation

A

if over concrete, need membrane and blocking (plywood or sleepers) to keep off moisture, need gaps at edges to allow contraction/expansion

over wood base, use felt to reduce squeaking and be mild vapor barrier

must test moisture content, alkalinity

14
Q

Resilient flooring

A

made from resins, fibers, plasticizers, fillers formed under heat and pressure

comes in sheets or tiles, seams can be solvent welded, adhered w mastic, or peel and stick often w foam backer

types: vinyl (PVC), vinyl composition (cheaper, less durable), rubber (quiet, comfy, less durable), linoleum (oxidized linseed oil burlap or felt back, very resilient, renewable sources), cork (good acoustics, but not for high traffic bc hard to clean but very resilient, renewable, usu sealed/waxed), vinyl-faced cork, asphalt (least resilient, cheap)

15
Q

Poured floors

A

aka seamless floors, poured or troweled

made from resinous matrix, fillers, decorative elements over hard, seamless substrate

used in places where extreme wear and/or extreme need for cleanliness needed: industrial, commercial kitchens, food prep plants, factories, clean rooms, labs, hospitals, jails, parking garages

16
Q

Static free flooring

A

super conductive: for munitions plants

conductive: telecom, MRIs

static-dissipative: server rooms

can be amost any kind of human-made flooring, don’t all work w all footwear types, need grounding, provided by copper strips attached to an earth ground

17
Q

Carpet

A

wool (costly), nylon (cheap, durable, ugly), acrylic (durable, most wool-looking), polyester (crush over time), polypropylene (for indoor-outdoor uses)

produces by tufting (pile yarns inserted through woven backing, tops then cut or left as loops), weaving (warp and weft yarns, durable but very expensive), needlepunching (barbed needles pull fibers through backing, rare), fusion bonding (embeds fabric in synthetic backer (cheap, tiles often)

pitch and stitch measure how much yarn is packed in given area (higher number, better), pile height is how deep the fibers are, shorter is more durable

cushion or padding (sponge, felt, urethane, foam) extends life, resiliency, better sound, comfort, insulator, but can’t do w/ tiles or other direct-adhered

flammability: pill test (ASTM), where a methenamine tablet is set on fire, can’t burn too much or floring radiant panel test (NFPA), where carpet can alight, but not sustain fire
installation: glue-down (attached w adhesive, feels hard, is stable, less durable, low pile only), stretched-in (tackless strips at perimeter, attached and stretched to other side, always has padding), double glue-down (padding glued, then carpet glued to padding)

18
Q

Paints

A

binder, pigments, liquid, additives

binder gives film integrity, most determines quality, durability, flexibility, color retention, gloss, resistance to damage

pigments give color and opacity, mostly titanium dioxide, extenders of clay silica, silicates, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide sometimes used; more pigment reduces gloss, ratio of binder to pigment determines gloss level (more gloss, more cleanable, but shows defects more)

liquid is carrier until it dries, evaporates and is gone; latex is water, oil based is mineral spirits

additives: mildewcides, rheology modifiers increase viscosity for smooth application, surfactants keep surface wet so no chunky edges, defoamers break bubbles

can be brushed, rolled or sprayed, need 55-85 deg F to dry

19
Q

Solvent based coatings

A

varnishes, shellac, silicone, urethane

they clear coat; if pigment added, is a stain

oil paints use drying or curing oil as binder, linseed in the past, alkyd resin now

makes hard surface, but prone to yellowing and cracking

high VOCs

20
Q

Water based paint

A

latex, that use vinyl chloride/PVA/polyvinyl acetate or acrylic resins (acrylic better than vinyl/latex in durability, hiding power, resistance to bleed through)

epoxy paint: epoxy as binder, very durable, bad VOCs, need skilled applicator

polyurethane paint: high performance, gives glass-like sheen, can be anti-graffiti

21
Q

Lead-based paints

A

a hazard, outlawed in 1978, be ware of in renovations, especially bad for children to ingest