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Flashcards in Finance - Interest Rate Concepts Deck (11)
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1
Q

Key concept of interest; risk

A

The greater the perceived risk in an investment or other undertaking, the greater the expected rate of return, or interest rate

2
Q

Types of interest rates

A

Fixed rate - rate of interest does not change over the life of the loan

Variable - Rate of interest can change over the life f the loan

Variable to fixed rate or fixe to variable - Charge one type for a portion of life and then change to another

3
Q

Market interest rate definition

A

Rate of interest paid on interest bearing investments or charged on interest bearing borrowings determined b supply and demand of funds in the market

4
Q

Stated interest rate

A

(Nominal or quoted) is the annual rate specified in the loan agreement or comparable contract; no compounding effects or effects of inflation

(Effective interest rate can be higher because of interest paid X times during year, but stated rate is coupon rate)

5
Q

Nominal interest rate

A

Also refers to the rate of interest received before taking into account effects of inflation

6
Q

Real interest rate

A

Rate of interest after taking into account the effects of inflation

RIR = Nominal Interest Rate - Inflation Rate

Assume a one-year investment instrument that pays a stated (nominal) rate of interest of 8%. During the year inflation is 3%. The real interest rate (RIR) is:
RIR = 8% − 3% = 5%

Therefore, while the nominal interest rate is 8%, because of inflation the real interest rate is 5%.

7
Q

Simple interest

A

Interest computed on the original principal only; no compounding of interest

Assume a two-year, $2,000 note that provides for 6% simple interest with principal and interest to be paid at the end of the two-year period. The basic interest expression provides:
Interest
=
Principal
×
Rate
×
Time, or
=
P
×	R	
×
T, or
=
$2,000
×	.06	
×
2 years
= $240
Thus, at the end of the second year the borrower would repay $2,000 principal + $240 interest = $2,240.
8
Q

Compound interest

A

Interest not only bad on principle but on the amount of accumulated unpaid interest. Pays interest on interest; simple does not

9
Q

Effective interest

A

Annual interest rate implicit in relationship between net proceeds from loan and the dollar cost of loan

Assume the facts above, which were a two-year, $2,000 note with 6% interest. We saw that if the contract provided for simple interest, the dollar amount of interest was:
I = P × R × T = $2,000 × .06 × 2 = $240

The effective rate (EI) is 6%, which can be shown as the relationship between the cost ($240) and the proceeds ($2,000), or:

EI = ($240/$2,000)/2 years
EI = .12/2 = .06
Assume the contract provides the same terms, except that the note will be discounted. In that case, the proceeds are:

$2,000 − $240 = $1,760

The effective rate of interest (EI) is now:

EI = ($240/$1,760)/2 years
EI = 0.1364/2 = 0.0682 = 6.82%

There was a question with compensating balance; subtract it (ex - 20% compensating balance on 500k = 400k available for use)

10
Q

Annual percentage rate

A

APR is the annualized effective interest rate without compounding in the loans that are for a fraction of the year; computed as effective interest rate for the fraction of a year x number of time fractions in a year

APR = (interest (cost)/principal) x 1/time fraction of the year

11
Q

ddd

A

ompound interest and future value of $1.00 result in the same values.

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