Final Study Guide Part IV Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Final Study Guide Part IV Deck (25)
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1
Q

Transcription

A

DNA polymerase used to produce mRNA

2
Q

Translation

A

Protein produced from mRNA

3
Q

Where in the cell does transcription and translation cover?

A

Transcription— nucleus

Translation— cytoplasm

4
Q

Function of mRNA

A

Contains a copy of the genetic info in a gene and carries it to the ribosomes

5
Q

Function of tRNA

A

Reads info on mRNA and translates it to the proper amino acid

6
Q

Function of rRNA

A

Provides physical structure

7
Q

Point mutation

A

Only one nucleotide is altered

8
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

All codons are changed from the mutation onward

9
Q

Autosomal trait

A

Traits not linked to sex chromosomes

10
Q

Sex linked traits

A

Traits found in the X and Y chromosomes

11
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Presents as a blending of traits

12
Q

Codominance

A

When no allele is dominant over another (blood types)

13
Q

Homozygous dominant

A

When the genotype features two of the dominant alleles

Phenotype will show the dominant trait

14
Q

Homozygous recessive

A

When the genotype features two of the recessive alleles

Phenotype will show the recessive trait

15
Q

Heterozygous

A

Heterozygous is when a genotype contains two different alleles

Phenotype will feature the dominant trait

16
Q

Difference between natural and artificial selection

A

Artificial selection is when humans choose features that best fit their intended use and only allow organisms with those traits to reproduce

In natural selection the environment determines which individuals are most fit to survive and reproduce

17
Q

How is a GMO altered?

A

It has DNA from two different sources that have been recombined

18
Q

Characteristics used when differentiating animals from one another

A
Body symmetry 
Segmentation 
Appendages 
Body plan
Skeleton
19
Q

Difference btw plant and animal cells

A

Plant cells have a central vacuole that stores water and a cell wall that prevents the cell from absorbing too much water and bursting.

Animal cells do not have a vacuole or cell wall

20
Q

Domains archaea

A

Unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments

21
Q

Domain eukarya

A

Broken down into 4 groups which include protists, fungi, animalia and plantae

Multicellular and can be heterotrophs or autotrophs

22
Q

Domain bacteria

A

Unicellular and found almost everywhere

Can be harmful or beneficial

23
Q

Difference between the eukaryotic kingdoms

A

Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs

Plantae are multicellular autotrophs

Fungi are multicellular heterotrophs who digest externally

Protists are uni or multicellular auto or heterotrophs

24
Q

What is the most general level of classification

A

Species

25
Q

Most specific level of classification

A

Domaine