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Flashcards in Final for Memory Deck (38)
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1
Q

What is the Link between Context Dependent Memory and TAP?

A

Memory should be good when encoding and retrieval processes are same.

2
Q

Purpose of Gooden and Baddeley’s study

A

To examine physical context and its influence on memory using a 2 BY 2 Design

3
Q

Theory that assumes that the context present during study and recall can influence memory.

A

Context Dependent Memory- Physical Context

4
Q

Physical environment in which ppl study on a n attempt to recall something

A

Physical Context

5
Q

Theory that assumes memory is influenced by the internal state of ppl. at study and test

A

State Dependent Memory

6
Q

Freud’s Repression and Stressful Events Theory:

A

Ppl. repress stressful events in memory.

7
Q

Results of the Gooden and Baddeley’s study of context- dependent memory (study and test)

A

Recall was
High Recall=study beach & recall beach
Low Recall=study on water & recall on beach
Low Recall=study beach & recall on water
High Recall=study on water &recall on water

8
Q

Encoding Specificity Principle

A

The interaction between context dependent memory and retrieval cues
Link between Context Dependent Memory and ESP

9
Q

Results of the Bartlett study of state-dependent memory (study and test)

A

High Recall=study happy state & recall happy state
Low Recall=study neutral state &recall happy state
Low Recall= study happy state & recall neutral state
High Recall=study neutral state & recall neutral state

10
Q

Predictions of Bartlett study

A

Memory should be good when internal state is same during study and test

11
Q

Purpose of Levinger and Clark Study

A

To test Freud’s theory of Repression & Stressful events

That is people repress stressful events in memory

12
Q

Procedure of Levinger and Clark Study

A

Part. are presented with a cue (stressful or non-stressful) and then asked to say the first word that comes to mind.

13
Q

Predictions of Levinger and Clark Study

A
(DV1) RTs/GRSs
-Slow=Neg. cues (stressful)
-Fast=Neu. cues (non-stressful)
CONFIRMED!
(DV2) Jung's Cued Recall Task
Focus Recall High=Neu. cues
Focus Recall Low=Neg. cues
CONFIRMED!
14
Q

Results of Levinger and Clark Study

A

Confirmed predictions

15
Q

Walker’s Theory on Stress vs. Freud’s predictions

A

Effect of stress on memory depends on the DELAY b/w experiencing an event and recalling that event
P>=C
P<=No C b/c interfering with the encoding of the event b/c they are stressing at the time

16
Q

Visual Memory

A

Component that stores and processes visual info. notably non-verbal visual images

17
Q

Memory disorder with the inability to remember things that occurred before the event that caused the amnesia

A

Retrograde Amnesia

18
Q

Procedure that involves shocking the brain and induces retrograde amnesia (often used with patients of clinical depression who are not responsive to traditional therapy

A

ECS

19
Q

The component of the loop that stores speech code (speech we hear and text we read, after its converted into speech code)

A

Phonological Store

20
Q

Has two functions, the conversion function and the rehearsal function

A

Articulatory Control Process

21
Q

Convert text into speech code, and to transfer that speech code to the Phonological Store where it can be consciously analyzed.

A

Conversion function of the ACP

22
Q

rehearse speech code that is in the phonological store, to prevent it from being forgotten

A

Rehearsal Function of the ACP

23
Q

Ability to focus on items that sound similar or different from each other

A

Phonological Similarity Effect

24
Q

Focus of the PSE

A

Interference of similar sounding items

25
Q

Failure to obtain a PSE because similar and dissimilar items are both recalled poorly.

A

Articulary Suppression of Phonological Similarity- Effect As of PSE

26
Q

Explanation for AS of PSE

A

Conversion of ACP is disabled and part. cannot read the target items.

27
Q

Theory that argues that forgetting occurs because info. in memory is not properly stored and therefore fades and is forgotten because its not sufficiently rehearsed.

A

Consolidation Theory

28
Q

Stage one of processing in Consolidation Theory

A

Perseveration Stage where
Preparatory Stage of processing, in which info. in memory is subconsciously rehearsed.
Subconscious rehearsal that occurs below (w/out) the level of conscious awareness (rehearsed in your brain without you being aware of it)

29
Q

Stage two of processing in Consolidation Theory

A

Consolidation Stage, the final stage of processing in which info. is now stored in LTM, after being rehearsed subconsciously.

30
Q

Study on effect of sleep on memory

A

Jenkins and Dallenbach Study

31
Q

Purpose of Jenkins and Dallenbach Study

A

To examine the effects of sleep, dependent on how long the part. slept

32
Q

Predictions of Jenkins and Dallenbach Study

A

Main effect of state:
Memory should be high for part who sleep are exposed to a few distractions. And Consolidation Theory predicts that memory should be low for part. who remained awake b/c they are exposed to distractions which exposes rehearsal and memory

33
Q

Findings od Jenkins and Dallenbach Study

A

Findings confirm the predictions

34
Q

Study that involved three phases; learning syllables, sleep/awake, and relearning syllables

A

Ebbinhaus’ early studies examining the benefits of sleep

35
Q

Problems with Ebbinhaus studies on sleep

A

He was the subject and the experimenter and questions about his study being replicated arose.

36
Q

Length of intervals between testing in Jenkins and Dallenbach Study

A
      1. or 8 hours of remaining awake or sleeping
37
Q

Study examined whether Retrograde Amnesia was going to impair the events shortly before the amnesia or long after the amnesia

A

Duncan’s Study on Retrograde Amnesia

38
Q

Findings of Duncan’s Study on Retrograde Amnesia

A

Over time the rat learns to associate the light and upcoming shock and is able to jump to the electrified side before being shocked.