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Flashcards in final exam urinary and reproductive Deck (39)
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1
Q

urinary and genital system develops from?

A

mesonephric mesenchyme

2
Q

where do the urinary and genital system extend along?

A

the paraxial mesoderm from the 7th to 28th somite level

3
Q

the urinary system gives rise to?

A

nephrogenic cord

4
Q

the genital system gives rise to?

A

genital ridge

5
Q

what are the 3 distinct types of kidneys?

A

1st-pronephroi, 2nd-mesonephroi, 3rd-metanephroi

6
Q

when does kidney development start?

A

the 3rd week

7
Q

describe characteristics for open tubules?

A
  • external glomerulus
  • drain into coleum
  • neither glomerulus or tubules associate with each other
8
Q

describe characteristics of closed tubules?

A
  • internal glomerulus
  • s shaped
  • tubules and glomerulus associate with eachother
9
Q

pronephroi- 1st set of kidneys, describe?

A

rudimentary, very little function, found in fishes and amphibians; 4 pairs of tubules

10
Q

mesonephroi- 2nd set of kidneys, describe?

A

well developed and function briefly, 38 pairs of tubules; closed tubules- internal

11
Q

some of the mesonephric tubules in males are different than females how?

A

males-remain intact- genital duct system

females- none retained

12
Q

metanephroi- 3rd set, describe?

A
  • permanent kidneys, develop in 5th week
  • internal glomerulus, closed tubules
  • each kidney has 2 million nephrons
13
Q

development of urinary system happens when?

A

7th week; mesodermal mass divides cloacal into cloacal septum*

14
Q

the allantois in a fetus is known as?

A

urachus

15
Q

the allantois in an adult is?

A

median umbilical ligament

16
Q

the allantois is continuous with?

A

the bladder, it becomes vestigial

17
Q

renal agenesis (missing kidneys) unilateral vs bilateral

A

unilateral- compatible with life

bilateral- potter syndrome, only compatible in utero

18
Q

congenital cystic kidney type 1

A

found in infants, early death without dialysis and transplants; giant sponge kidneys

19
Q

congenital cystic kidney type 2

A

variable in size and shape, unilateral, cysts grow larger with age

20
Q

CCK type 3

A

normal and abnormal tissue, both kidneys involved, cysts normal at birth; found in trisomy 13-15, 18, 21, 22

21
Q

CCK type 5

A

could see in clinic, manifests as adult but present before birth, onset around 40, death at 50 if not treated; LB pain and kidney infections

22
Q

when kidneys are fused at both ends its called?

A

horseshoe or donut kidney

23
Q

renal tumors in children

A

wilms tumors- rapid growth and metastases

24
Q

reproductive system develops?

A

5th-6th week; can’t be detected til at least 8th week

25
Q

where do the gonads develop?

A

coelomic epithelium, inner mesenchyme tissue

26
Q

the development of cells cause a ridge to bulge into coleum, this is called?

A

genital ridge- it is covered by coelum epithelium; mesenchyme makes up inner mass

27
Q

the cells within the genital ridge arrange themselves into cords which grow into underlying mesenchyme, these are called?

A

primary sex cords

28
Q

the indifferent gonad has what 2 layers?

A

cortex- outer layer, females it develops

medulla- inner layer, in males it develops

29
Q

genital ducts are formed in?

A

males- mesonephric ducts play an important role as well

30
Q

paramesonephric ducts are formed in?

A

females- develop on each side, eventually develops into uterus and vagina

31
Q

the genitalia also pass through a what?

A

an indifferent stage

32
Q

accessory sex glands are only found in?

A

males- seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands

33
Q

what is ovarian hypoplasia (turners syndrome)?

A

UNILATERAL OR BILATERAL; ovaries small in size, poor breast development, small uterus

34
Q

unilateral ovarian hypoplasia

A

can give birth to normal infant

35
Q

bilateral ovarian hypoplasia

A

cannot give birth, very few primordial germ cells

36
Q

when germ cells do not migrate from the yolk sac?

A

pure gonadal dysgenesis

37
Q

androgen insensitivity or testicular feminization syndrome

A

appears as normal female but has testes 46, XY

38
Q

androgenital syndrome

A

excessive androgen production from adrenals, masculinization from high androgen levels; ovaries, uterus masculization external genitalia

39
Q

70% of hermaphrodites are?

A

chromatin positive