Final Exam Part 2 Flashcards Preview

CD 674 Pediatric Audiology > Final Exam Part 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Final Exam Part 2 Deck (34)
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1
Q

What are some things in which can lead to Otitis Media?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction

air absorbed in mucosal lining of middle ear

negative pressure in middle ear

fluid from mucosal lining fills middle ear

2
Q

What are some common pathogens that can cause Otitis Media?

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

Moraxella catarrhalis

3
Q

True or False

An bacterial or viral infection which lasts for only a short time are the characteristics for Acute Otitis Media

A

True

Symptoms - pain and fever

usually short duration and sudden appearance

can be treated with antibiotics

may persist for several months

4
Q

True or False

OME is characterized with effusion that is thin and watery, generally without infection, resolves in 12 weeks, if recurrent PE tubes may help

A

True

5
Q

This type of otitis media is characterized with middle ear infection, TM perforation, chronic drainage, mastoiditis, and can develop SNHL

A

Chronic Otitis Media

6
Q

This is found in chronic otitis media and is the accumulation of debris from perforations of the TM

A

Cholesteatoma

7
Q

What are some common symptoms of otitis media?

A

earache, rubbing/tugging of ears, otorrhea, hearing loss, fever, restless sleep, irritability

8
Q

What are the diagnostic results in which indicates otitis media?

A

Immittance - Type B tympanogram
Absent acoustic reflex
Audiometry - conductive hearing loss

9
Q

What type of hearing loss is associated with Otitis Media?

A

Conductive hearing loss

*pure tone thresholds can vary from within normal limits to 50 dB HL

10
Q

The following are common treatments for OM?

A.) antibiotics

B.) antihistamine/decongestant

C.) adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy

D.) Myringotomy with PE tubes

E.) All of the above

A

E -all of the above

11
Q

This disorder is the difficulty in the perceptual processing of auditory information

A

CAPD

Central Auditory Processing Disorder

12
Q

True or False

CAPD is a linguistic processing, cognitive processing, and attention deficit

A

False

13
Q

The following are common complaints of CAPD:

A.) difficulty hearing in noise

B.) poor spatial localization

C.) poor musical abilities

D.) difficulty following verbal commands

E.) all of the above

A

E - all of the above

14
Q

What components make up the ‘central auditory processing’?

A

sound localization and lateralization

auditory discrimination

auditory pattern recognition

temporal aspects of audition

auditory performance in competing acoustic signals

15
Q

Prior to starting a test battery for CAPD one should:

A

*check for peripheral hearing

*check for cognitive ability

*check for language competence

*check for any comorbid characteristics (ADHD, language disorders, etc.)

*check for speech intelligibility

*make sure to have proper instruments for task (validity and reliability)

16
Q

The first round of test batteries takes on the electrophysiological aspect and they are:

A

ABR

P300

MMN (mismatch negativity)

MOC (medial olivary complex) reflex using OAE

17
Q

The role of the MOC reflex is:

A

protection from acoustic trauma, aiding in selective attention, and reducing the masking effects of noise

18
Q

The other test battery for CAPD takes on behavioral measures and they are:

A

dichotic listening

temporal processing

low redundancy speech

binaural inattention

auditory discrimination

19
Q

This type of behavioral measure assesses the ability to separate or integrate disparate auditory stimuli presented to each ear

A

Dichotic listening

i.e. dichotic digits test

dichotic words

dichotic sentence identification test

20
Q

This behavioral measure assesses the ability to interpret timing aspects of acoustic stimuli

A

Temporal Processing

i.e. GIN (Gaps in Noise) present noise in gaps of silence
*gaps of different durations and locations within noise
*non frequency specific signals
*scores not influenced by hearing loss

21
Q

This behavioral measures assesses the ability to interpret degraded speech

A

Low-Redundancy Speech

i.e. Synthetic sentence identification with noise

listening in Spatialized Noise Test (LISN-S)
*present competing noise in different Azimuth while listening to speech presented at 0 degree
*HINT: Hearing in Noise Test

22
Q

This behavioral measure assesses how auditory input works together from both ears

A

Binaural Interaction

i.e. Localization and LISN-S

23
Q

This behavioral measure assesses the ability to discriminate acoustic stimuli that differ in frequency, intensity and duration

A

Auditory Discrimination

i.e. Phoneme Discrimination

24
Q

What are the components in which consists of a remediation plan for individuals with CAPD?

A

Environmental Modifications

Compensatory Strategies

Auditory Training/Therapy

25
Q

Environmental Modifications can be anything from:

A

minimizing classroom noise
*preferred noise level in classroom is 10 dB SNR, in reality ranged -7 dB to 5dB SNR

*Fitting FM system

(beneficial for high-risk listeners, non-native listeners, children with HL, learning disorders of ADHD)

26
Q

Compensatory Strategies are:

A

ways that help to develop specific linguistic skills

i.e. CLASS (Classroom Language and Auditory Strategies for Success)

27
Q

Auditory Training/Therapy consists of:

A

Formal Auditory Therapy

Computer Mediated Auditory Training Programs
*i.e. Fast Forword
Earobics
Brain Train
Laureate Training Systems
LACE (Listening and Communication Enhancement)

28
Q

ANSD can be measured through:

A

OAE and CM

(otoacoustic emissions and cochlear microphonic)

29
Q

What are some of the abnormal measures seen in ANSD?

A

absent or highly abnormal ABRs

absent or abnormal acoustic reflex (MMR - middle ear muscle reflex)

absent or abnormal MOC (medial olivocochlear reflex - measured in OAE response)

30
Q

What are some of the characteristics that ANSD patients may demonstrate?

A

impaired speech understanding, especially in NOISE

normal to severely impaired speech detection

normal to sever pure tone thresholds

difficulty with temporal processing

audiograms may be misleading

31
Q

The typical diagnostic findings in individuals with ANSD are:

A

normal (or near normal) Cochlear hair cells
*Present OAEs
*Present Cochlear Microphonic

absent or abnormal auditory nerve function
*absent (severely abnormal) ABR
*absent acoustic reflexes

32
Q

The following are some of the comprehensive assessments conducted on individuals with ANSD:

A.) Pediatric/developmental evaluation and history

B.) Otologic evaluation

C.) Medical genetics evaluation

D.) CT/MRI of cochlea and auditory nerve

E.) All of the above

A

E - all of the above

*including neurological evaluation and communication assessment

33
Q

What are some associated medical conditions with ANSD?

A

Anoxia
Hyperbillirubinemia
Infectious processes (e.g. Mumps)
Immune disorders (e.g. Gullain-Barre Syndrome)
Genetic and Syndromal (hereditary sensory motor neuropathy/ mitochondrial enzymatic defecit / olivo-pontine cerebellar degeneration)

34
Q
A