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RUSVM Physiology II Fall 2016 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Flashcards in Final Exam Deck (21)
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1
Q

Which hormone is the only one considered to control extrinsic regulation of the GI tract? Where is this hormone made?

A

Aldosterone

Liver

2
Q

What type of substance is substance P, where is it located and what does it do in the GI system?

A

It is a peptide, located in sympathetic ganglia ,and it increases secretion and motility.

3
Q

What type of substance is VIP, where is it located, and what does it do in the GI system?

A

It is a peptide, located in parasympathetic ganglia, and it vasodilates blood vessels and relaxes smooth muscle/sphincters.

4
Q

This neurotransmitter reduces motility in the GI tract, is located in the gastric nerves, and is a non-peptide..what is it?

A

NO

5
Q

This neurotransmitter is located in postganglionic sympathetic neurons, is a non-peptide, and contracts smooth muscle in the GI tract…what is it?

A

ATP

6
Q

Which neurotransmitter in the GI tract increases secretions, is located postganglionic sympathetic neurons, and is a non-peptide?

A

Neuropeptide Y

7
Q

What does the body need in order for smooth muscles in the GI system to act as a syncytium?

A

Ca++ and the binding protein calmodulin as well as gap junctions.

8
Q

This nerve plexus is located in between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers and controls muscular activity of GI system..what is it?

A

Myenteric plexus

9
Q

Where is the submucous plexus located and what does it control?

A

It is located in between the circular muscle layer and the submucosal layers. It controls mucous secretion and reabsorption.

10
Q

What is the main difference between a typical neuron and an enteric neuron?

A

Enteric neurons secrete neurotransmitters via varicosities located on axonal collaterals which affect a wider area than typical neurons.

11
Q

What are the three classification of enteric neurons?

A

Dogiel I
Dogiel II
Dogiel III

12
Q

Which enteric neuron can have multiple shapes and structures?

A

Dogiel III

13
Q

Which enteric neuron is very small, are motor neurons, and have short dendrites?

A

Dogiel I

14
Q

Describe a Dogiel II enteric neuron.

A

They are sensory neurons with long dendrites and large cell bodies.

15
Q

What part of the stomach is called the gastric pump and why?

A

The distal part with the corpus and antrum. Peristaltic waves break up and move food particles into the duodenum.

16
Q

Which endocrine secretions intrinsically control the GI system?

A
Secretin 
Gastrin
CCK
GIP
Motilin
17
Q

The enteric nervous system controls the _________ GI system.

A

Intrinsic

18
Q

Which nerves are responsible for controlling the GI Tract extrinsically?

A

Splanchnic nn.

Vagus nn.

19
Q

Which muscle layer contracts proximal to a cyme and which one relaxes?

A

Circular contracts

Longitudinal relaxes

20
Q

AcH and substance P ______ smooth muscle in the ________ part at the site of distention (cyme).

A

contract (circular muscle layer)

proximal

21
Q

Which neurotransmitters relax smooth muscle in the distal part (to the cyme) in the intestines?

A

NO
VIP
ATP