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Market Research > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

______ a summary description of a fixed characteristic or measure of the target population.

A

Parameter

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2
Q

______ denotes the true value which would be obtained if a census rather than a sample was undertaken.

A

Parameter

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3
Q

is a summary description of a characteristic or measure of the sample. The sample is used as an estimate of the population parameter

A

Statistic

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4
Q

The error when the sample selected is an imperfect representation of the population of interest.

A

Random Sampling Error

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5
Q

the desired size of the estimating interval. This is the maximum permissible difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter.

A

Precision Level

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6
Q

________ _______ is the range into which the true population parameter will fall, assuming a given level of confidence.

A

Confidence Interval

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7
Q

The probability that the confidence interval will include the population parameter

A

Confidence Level

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8
Q

The distribution of the values of a sample statistic. Computed for each possible sample of a given size.

A

Sampling Distribution

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9
Q

The process of using sample statistic to estimate corresponding population values.

A

Statistical Inference

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10
Q

as sample size increases, the distribution of the sample mean of randomly selected samples approached the normal distribution. *True regardless of distribution of original pop distribution.

A

Central Limit Theorem

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11
Q

The normal distribution of proportion approximates a normal in large samples.

A

Sampling distribution of the mean

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12
Q

Average of sampling distribution of the mean = _________

A

The corresponding population value

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13
Q

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution.

A

Standard error of the mean

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14
Q

When one variable is considered at a time.

A

Frequency distribution

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15
Q

The distribution of the values of a sample statistic. Computed for each possible sample of a given size.

A

Frequency distribution

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16
Q

Average Value, mod commonly used measure of central tendency.

A

Mean

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17
Q

The value that occurs most frequently it represents the highest peak of the distribution.

A

Mode

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18
Q

The middle value when data is arrayed ascending or deciding order. is the 50th percentile

A

Median

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19
Q

The mean squared deviation from the mean. It can never be negative

A

Variance

20
Q

The square root of the variance

A

Standard deviation

21
Q

Measures the spread of the data. The difference between the largest and the smallest values in the sample.

A

Range

22
Q

Statement of the satis quo, one of no difference or no effect. It is not redirect, no changes will be made. (Value of parameter)

A

Null Hypothesis

23
Q

One which some difference or effect is expected. Accepting this hypothesis will lead to changes in opinions or actions.

A

Alternative Hypothesis

24
Q

This test is used for the nthull hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is expresses directionally.

A

One-tailed Test

25
Q

When both hypothesis are note expressed directionally.

A

Two tailed test

26
Q

Measure how close the sample has come to the null hypothesis and follows a all- known distribution, such as normal, t, chisquare.

A

Test statistic

27
Q

occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis when it is fact true.

A

Type 1 error

28
Q

The probability of typo ! error is called

A

Level of significance

29
Q

Occurs when, based on the sample results, the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is in fact true.

A

Type ii error

30
Q

the probability of observing a value of the test statistic as extreme as or more extreme than, the value actually observed – assuming the null is true.

A

p-value

31
Q

Describes two ore more variables simultaneously.

A

Cross tabulation

32
Q

Theresults in tables that reflect the joint distribution of two or more variables with a limited number of categories or distinct values.

A

Cross tabulation

33
Q

Contingency table with to variables

A

Bivariate cross-tabulation

34
Q

is a skewed distribution whose shape depends solely on the number of degrees of freedom.

A

Chi-square distribution

35
Q

As the number of degrees of freedom increases, t_______ ______ becomes more symmetrical.

A

Chi -square distribution

36
Q

Assume that the variables of interest are measured on at least an interval scale.

A

Parametric test

37
Q

The samples are _______ if they are drawn randomly from different populations.

A

Independent

38
Q

Test of sample variance may be performed if it is not known whether the two populations have equal variance.

A

F test

39
Q

It is used as a test of means for two or more populations. The null hypothesis, typically, is that all means are equal.

A

ANOVA

40
Q

A particular combination of factor levels, or categories, is called a

A

Treatment

41
Q

It involves only one categorical variable, or a single factor. The treatment is the same as a factor level.

A

One way analysis of variance

42
Q

This is the sum of squares divided by the appropriate degrees of freedom.

A

Mean square

43
Q

The null hypothesis that the category means are equal in the population. It is tested based on the ratio of mean square related to X and mean square related to error.

A

F statistic

44
Q

This is the variation in Y related to the variation in the MEANS of the categories of X.

A

SSbetween or SSx

45
Q

this is the variation in Y due to the variation WITHIN each of the categories of X

A

SSwithing, SSerror

46
Q

It , summarizes the strength of association between two metric (interval or ratio scaled) variables, say X and Y.

A

Product moment correlation

47
Q

The correlation coefficient between two variables will be the same regardless of their underlying units of measurement.

A

Product moment correlation

Market Research (8 decks)

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