Final Exam Flashcards Preview

Drugs and Behavior > Final Exam > Flashcards

Flashcards in Final Exam Deck (43)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Positive Schizo symptoms are:

A

Hallucinations, delusions, irrational thinking

2
Q

Negative Schizo symptoms are:

A

Lack of emotions

social withdraw

3
Q

Anti-Psychotic drugs that work: (Schizo etc.)

A

Dopamine D2 antagonist (reduces delusions)

4
Q

Depolarization Blockade

A

Chronic use of an anti-psychotic begins blocking the amount of dopamine allowed in the synapse (VTA allows this to happen and doesn’t fight back)

5
Q

Super-chronic use of anti-psychotics leads to:

A

Tardive Dyskinesia

6
Q

Acute and chronic use of anti-psychotics leads to:

A

EPS (parkinsons-like involuntary movements)

7
Q

Typical Anti-psychotic drugs:

A
  • Haldol

- Thorezine

8
Q

Atypical anti-psychotic drugs:

A
  • Clorazil

- 5HT2A antagonist

9
Q

Nucleus Accumbens brain damage causes by Pyschosis:

A
  • Holes in Thalamus
  • Hippocampal cell disorientation
  • Less activity in prefrontal cortex
  • Larger amygdala
10
Q

Affect =

A

mood

11
Q

Bipolar medications

A

Mood Stabilizers

  • Lithium
  • Lamotragine
12
Q

Lithium side-effects

A
  • Nausea
  • Sweating
  • Thyroid, liver, kidneys
  • vision

lots of sides

13
Q

Lamotragine/Lamictal

A

Anticonvulsants used for Bipolar … not so dangerous

14
Q

Risk of getting depression (genetics)

A

50% genetic, nature + nurture

- stress causes depression

15
Q

What do MAOIs do?

A
  • Inhibit metabolism of enzyme monoamine oxidase

- Increases Dopamine, Norepinephrine, 5HT, tyramine

16
Q

What negative thing do MAOIs raise?

A

Tyramine

17
Q

Tricyclics raise:

A

NE, 5HT (Imipramine) - RI

NE (Desimipramine) -NSRI

18
Q

Wellbutrin

A

RI for:

  • Dopamine
  • Norepinephrine
19
Q

Common mechanism of all anti-depressants:

A

Increase one or more monoamines (DE, 5HT, NE)

20
Q

Most effective treatment for depression:

A

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)

21
Q

How many people improve from antidepressants?

A

1/3 from drug

1/3 from placebo (nearly 70%)

22
Q

Delayed Therapeutic Effects of SSRIs (acute and chronic)

A

acute: Raphe shuts off - lowers serotonin in cortex
chronic: Raphe turns back on - increase in 5HT

23
Q

Small doses of Ketamine can:

A

Help depression by increasing spinal dendrites in hippocampus

24
Q

BDNF

A

Brain derived neurotrophic factor

  • Antidepressants seem to increase it, new drugs trying to target it
25
Q

5 drugs that work as GABAa Positive Allosteric Modulators (PAMS)

A

1) Anxiolytics (anxiety)
2) Sedative Hypnotics (sleepiness)
3) Anticonvulsants (seizures)
4) General Anesthetic (unconsciousness - vapor or IV)
5) Alcohol (anxiety)

26
Q

GABA vs. Glutmate

A
  • GABA creates Influx of chloride ions

- Glutamate creates influx of sodium ions

27
Q

What can be used as ant-seizure medication?

A

Any GABAergic drug

28
Q

PAM =

A

Positive Allosteric Modulator

- has additive effects because

29
Q

BAC vs. BAL

A

.08 gram-percent

80 mg percent

30
Q

Alcohol Metabolism

A

Alcohol –> Acetaldehyde –> acetic acid

31
Q

Acamprosite

A

Blocks Glutamate (sort of a GABA antagonist)

32
Q

Disulfiram (antabuse)

A

Enzyme inhibitor used for alcoholism

33
Q

Issue with Ketamine?

A

Great onset, poor duration

34
Q

Barbituates are dangerous because of?

A

Low TI

35
Q

Fermentation vs. Distillation

A

10-15% naturally
- yeast and sugar

Takes fermented liquor and vaporizes it creating higher alcohol content

36
Q

Alcohol genetics

A
  • Asians get flushing

- American Indians process alcohol better and can drink more

37
Q

LSD

A

Stimulates 5HT2A receptor

- same with mescaline, psilocybin, morning glory seeds

38
Q

Potency

LSD vs. Molly vs. Amphetamine

A

100 micrograms
100 mg
5 mg

39
Q

MDMA in humans vs. rats

A

No brain damage
vs.
Burns holes in brain-stem (lose 5% of rap he

40
Q

How Cannabis works

A
  • Retrograde transmission
  • Cannabinoids receives message and moves
  • Exogenous CB1 direct agonist
41
Q

Benefits of Medical Marijuana

A
  • Glaucoma
  • Ant-emetic
  • MS
  • Pain
42
Q

Cons of Medical Marijuana

A

Cancer, heart disease, lung problems, GI issues

- Delayed discount (choosing quick rewards over bigger ones later)

43
Q

Rimonibant

A
CB1 antagonist (diet pill)
- Caused suicidal thoughts