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Flashcards in Final: Crime Deck (14)
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1
Q

“Carnival Mirror”

A

Argued by Reiman and Leighton that the reality of crime differs greatly from how it is presented in the media.

2
Q

Why is crime an illusion in our society?

A

The typical criminal is characterized as a young, poor, black, urbanized, male. The reality to crime is more often perpetrated by those who engage in fraud, cheating on taxes, consumer deception, medical malpractice, and property crime.

3
Q

Norms

A

Refer to expectations of human behaviour.

4
Q

Deviance

A

Non-normative behaviour. In other words, when we violate a norm.

5
Q

Crime

A

Involves breaking a law (a codified norm).

6
Q

Crime vs. Deviance

A

A given act may be a crime, but not necessarily deviant. A given act may be deviant, but not a crime.

7
Q

How does Hagan refer to crime?

A

Crime can be divided into two categories.

1) Consensus crimes, very harmful and carry the harshest sanctions.
2) Conflict crimes, there is less agreement when it comes to conflict crimes.

8
Q

“Mala in se”

A

Consensus crimes. Meaning: Evil crime.

9
Q

“Mala Prohibita”

A

Conflict crimes. Meaning: Prohibited by law”

10
Q

Social Deviation

A

Refers to legal, but stigmatized behaviour (mental illness, ex-convicts).

11
Q

Social Diversion

A

Refers to how people appear to others. Example: A person with many piercings.

12
Q

Strain Theory

A

Grew out of functionalism. It suggested that people behave deviantly when they are strained. Claimed that crime and deviance are the result of “rising expectations and falling realizations.”

13
Q

Robert Merton

A

A strain theorist that created the “Merton’s Typology”.

14
Q

Merton’s Typology

A

1) Conformity, accepting the American Dream.
2) Innovation, most common type of deviance/criminal. Has the dream, but not the resources, so engages in crime to get the dream life.
3) Ritualism, second type of deviant. Low ambition. Rejects American Dream.
4) Retreatism, people who literally retreat from society. Merton argued these are people who are alcoholics, drug-addicts, or have mental illness. Rejects the American Dream.
5) Rebellion, rejects the American Dream, but wants to replace it with another dream. Communists and terrorists.