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Flashcards in Fighting Disease - Drugs Deck (20)
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1
Q

What are the 2 things drugs do?

A

Relieve symptoms or cure the problem

2
Q

What to painkillers do?

A

Relieve pain

3
Q

What do antibiotics do?

A

they kill (or prevent the growth of) the bacteria causing the problem without killing your own body cells. Different antibiotics kill different types of bacteria, so it’s important to be treated with the right one

4
Q

What don’t antibiotics destroy?Why?

A

Viruses because they reproduce using your own body cells which makes it very difficult to develop drugs that destroy just the virus without killing the body’s cells.

5
Q

Bacteria can [ ] - sometimes the [ ] cause them to be [ ] to an antibiotic

A

mutate
mutations
resistant

6
Q

If you have an infection, some of the bacteria might be resistant to antibiotics. Therefore when you treat the infection …

A

only the non-resistant strains of bacteria will be killed. The individual resistant bacteria will survive and reproduce, and the population of the resistant strain will increase. (This is an example of natural selection)

7
Q

What can a resistant strain of bacteria do? Give an example

A

Could cause serious infection that CAN’T be treated by antibiotics. Eg. MRSA causes serious wound infection and is resistant to the powerful antibiotic methicillin.

8
Q

Why do doctors avoid over-prescribing antibiotics?

A

To slow down the rate of development of resistant strains.

9
Q

How can you test the action of antibiotics or disinfectants?

A

Growing cultures of microorganisms

10
Q

How are microorganisms grown?

A

They are cultured in a ‘culture medium’ (agar jelly) containing the carbohydrates, minerals, proteins and vitamins they need to grow

11
Q

[ ] agar jelly is poured into a shallow round plastic dished called [ ].

A

Hot

Petri dishes

12
Q

Once the agar jelly has set, how do you transfer the microorganisms onto the petri dish? What happens next?

A

Use inoculating loops to transfer the microorganisms onto the culture medium. The microorganisms then multiply.

13
Q

Once you have grown your microorganisms, how do you test your antibiotics? Describe possible results.

A

Paper discs are soaked in different types of antibiotics and placed on the culture medium.
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria will continue to grow around them but non-resistant strains will die.

14
Q

Equipment is sterilised in order to…

A

Prevent contamination

15
Q

What will happen if your equipment isn’t sterilised?

A

Unwanted microorganisms in the culture medium will grow and affect the result.

16
Q

What needs to be sterilised before use?

A

Petri dished, culture medium and inoculating loops

17
Q

How are inoculating loops sterilised?

A

Pass them through a flame

18
Q

Petri dishes must have [ ] to stop any microorganisms in the air [ ] the culture. The lid should be [ ] on.

A

Lid
contaminating
Taped

19
Q

Why are cultures of microorganisms kept at about 25°C in schools?

A

Harmful pathogens aren’t likely to grow a this temperature

20
Q

Why are cultures incubated at higher temperatures in industrial conditions?

A

Allows them to grow much faster