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+ CAPS 391 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the female reproductive system? (6)

A 
ovaries
pair of uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
external genital organs
mammary glands (breasts)
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2
Q

Ovaries

What are the ovaries?

A

two almond-shaped organs located on lateral wall of true pelvic cavity

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3
Q

Ovaries

What do they do?

A

produce female gametes (ovum) and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

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4
Q

Ovaries

How many surfaces, borders, and poles are there?

What are they?

A
  • 2 surfaces (lateral and medial)
  • 2 borders (anterior and posterior)
  • 2 poles (superior and inferior)
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5
Q

Ovaries

What is the anterior border attached to?

A

mesovarium

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6
Q

Ovaries

What does the anterior border carry?

A

ovarian hilum where ovarian blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics enter or exit ovary

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7
Q

Ovaries

What is the posterior border attached to?

A

free

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8
Q

Ovaries

Describe ovarian surfaces before and after puberty.

A

before: smooth
after: rough, due to ovulation

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9
Q

Ovaries

What are ovaries held in place by?

A

3 ligaments

  • ligament of ovary
  • suspensory ligament
  • mesovarium
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10
Q

Ovaries

What does the ligament of ovary do?

A

attaches inferior pole of ovary to lateral wall of uterus, near entrance of uterine tube

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11
Q

Ovaries

What is the suspensory ligament?

What does it do?

A

double-layer fold of peritoneum

attaches superior pole of ovary to posterior abdominal wall

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12
Q

Ovaries

What does the suspensory ligament carry?

A

ovarian vessels and nerves from posterior abdominal wall to and between 2 layers of the broad ligament

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13
Q

Ovaries

What is the mesovarium?

A

double-layer fold of peritoneum stretched between anterior border of ovary and posterior layer of the broad ligament

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14
Q

Ovaries

What does the mesovarium carry?

A

ovarian vessels, nerves, and lymphatics from the broad ligament into ovary via ovarian hilum

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15
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What are the uterine tubes?

A

muscular tubes located on superior border of broad ligament

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16
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What do they do?

A

connects uterine cavity to peritoneal cavity

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17
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What do they carry?

A

carries sperms towards ovaries, or fertilized egg towards uterine cavity

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18
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What are the 4 parts?

A
  • infundibulum
  • ampulla
  • isthmus
  • uterine part (intramural)
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19
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What is the infundibulum?

A

funnel-shaped lateral end of tube that hangs over ovary

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20
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What does the free margin of the infundibulum carry?

A

carries fimbriae (finger-like projections) – one called ovarian fimbria that is longer and attaches to ovary

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21
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What does the infundibulum do?

A

collects released ovum from surface of ovary

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22
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What is the ampulla?

A

most dilated part of uterine tube forming lateral ⅔ of it

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23
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

What is the isthmus?

A

narrowest part of uterine tube that forms medial ⅓ of it

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24
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes or Oviduct

Where does the uterine part (intramural) pass?

A

passes through thickness of uterine wall and opens into uterine cavity

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25
Q

Uterus

What is the uterus?

A

inverted pear-shaped hollow organ with thick muscular walls

part of passageway for sperms’ journey towards ovaries, and also source of menstrual flow

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26
Q

Uterus

What does the uterus do?

A

accommodates and nourishes the fertilized ovum

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27
Q

Uterus

How many surfaces and borders are there?

What are they?

A
  • 2 surfaces (superior and inferior)

- 2 lateral borders

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28
Q

Uterus

What are the surfaces covered by?

A

peritoneum

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29
Q

Uterus

What are the surfaces related to?

A

sigmoid colon and small intestine loops (superior surface)

urinary bladder (inferior surface)

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30
Q

Uterus

What are the 3 parts?

A
  • fundus
  • body
  • cervix (neck)
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31
Q

Uterus

Where is the fundus?

A

located superior to entrance of uterine tubes

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32
Q

Uterus

Where is the body?

A

middle part located between fundus and cervix (neck)

33
Q

Uterus

What is the isthmus?

A

distal ⅓ of body

34
Q

Uterus

Where is the cervix (neck)?

A

extends between isthmus and vagina

35
Q

Uterus

What is the shape of the uterine cavity?

A

triangular in coronal/frontal section

36
Q

Uterus

What does the uterine cavity connect with?

A

connects with cervical canal via internal os (opening)

37
Q

Uterus

What does the cervical canal open into?

A

opens into vagina through external os

38
Q

Uterus

How does the uterus form angles?

A

arches anteriorly over empty urinary bladder and forms 2 angles

39
Q

Uterus

What are the 2 angles that the uterus arches to form?

A
  • anteversion angle

- anteflexion angle

40
Q

Uterus

What is the anteversion angle?

A

angle between axis of cervix and axis of vagina that opens anteriorly

41
Q

Uterus

What is the anteflexion angle?

A

angle between axis of uterine body and axis of cervix

42
Q

Uterus

What do ligaments do?

A

support and maintain weight and position on either side

43
Q

Uterus

What are the 5 ligaments?

A
  • broad ligament
  • round ligament of uterus
  • transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament
  • pubocervical ligament
  • uterosacral ligament
44
Q

Uterus

What is the broad ligament?

A

double-layer membrane made by peritoneum that extends from lateral border of uterus to lateral pelvic wall and pelvic floor

45
Q

Uterus

What does the broad ligament contain?

A
  • uterine tube on its superior border

- ligament of ovary and round ligament of uterus inferior to uterine tube

46
Q

Uterus

What is the mesosalpinx?

A

part of broad ligament between uterine tube and mesovarium that forms mesentery for uterine tube

47
Q

Uterus

What is the mesometrium?

A

major part of broad ligament, inferior to mesosalpinx and mesovarium, that serves as mesentery for uterus

48
Q

Uterus

Where is the round ligament of uterus start?

A

starts from superolateral angle of uterus, passes through inguinal canal, and blends with connective tissue of labium major

49
Q

Uterus

What does the transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament do?

A

connects uterine cervix, and superior part of vagina to lateral pelvic wall

50
Q

Uterus

What does the pubocervical ligament do?

A

anchors cervix of uterus to posterior surface of pubis

51
Q

Uterus

Where is the uterosacral ligament?

A

extends from inferior part of anterior surface of sacrum to cervix, and superior part of vagina

52
Q

Vagina

What is the vagina?

A

fibromuscular tube that starts at vestibule

receptacle for penis during sexual intercourse, and passageway for sperms, menstrual flow, and childbirth

53
Q

Vagina

Where does it start, pass, and end?

A

runs posterosuperiorly between rectum and urinary bladder, and ends to cervix of uterus

54
Q

Vagina

What is the hymen?

A

thin mucus membrane that partially closes entrance of vagina

55
Q

Vagina

Describe the structure when the vagina is collapsed?

A

anterior and posterior walls are in contact, at proximal end where it surrounds cervix of uterus to form fornix (circular recess)

56
Q

Vagina

What is the fornix subdivided into?

A

anterior, posterior, and 2 lateral parts

57
Q

Female External Genitalia

What are the structures also called?

A

vulva or pudendum

58
Q

Female External Genitalia

What are the 6 parts?

A
  • mons pubis
  • labia majora
  • labia minora
  • vestibule
  • clitoris
  • greater vestibular glands
59
Q

Female External Genitalia

What is the mons pubis?

A

skin prominence in front of symphysis pubis that contains fat

60
Q

Female External Genitalia

What are the labia majora?

A

2 skin folds that contain fat, and are covered by coarse hairs after puberty

(equivalent to scrotum in males)

61
Q

Female External Genitalia

What are the labia minora?

A

2 hairless skin folds partially concealed by labia majora on outside

62
Q

Female External Genitalia

What is the vestibule?

A

cleft between 2 labia minora that receives openings of urethra anteriorly, and vagina posteriorly

63
Q

Female External Genitalia

What is the clitoris?

A

homologous to penis, located at anterior end of vestibule

64
Q

Female External Genitalia

What are the 2 parts of the clitoris?

A

root

body

65
Q

Female External Genitalia - Clitoris

What is the root formed by?

How is the body formed?

A

left and right crura, and right and left bulbs of vestibule

crura continue anteriorly to form corpora cavernosa in body of clitoris

bulbs of vestibule continue anteriorly to form glans of clitoris in body of clitoris

66
Q

Female External Genitalia - Clitoris

What is the prepuce formed by?

A

extension of labia minora encircles body on either side to form prepuce

67
Q

Female External Genitalia

What are the greater vestibular glands?

A

pair of glands deep to skin, and posterolateral to vestibule

68
Q

Female External Genitalia

What are greater vestibular glands homologous to in males?

A

bulbourethral glands

69
Q

Female External Genitalia

What do greater vestibular glands do?

A

release their secretion by small ducts into vestibule posterolateral to vaginal orifice to lubricate vagina during sexual arousal

70
Q

Mammary Glands (Breasts)

What are the mammary glands?

A

modified sweat glands located within superficial fascia of pectoral region

71
Q

Mammary Glands (Breasts)

Where is the relatively round base?

A

extended vertically between rib II-VI, and transversely between sternum and midaxillary line

72
Q

Mammary Glands (Breasts)

What is the nipple?

A

conical projection surrounded by areola (circular pigmented skin)

73
Q

Mammary Glands (Breasts)

What do they consist of?

A

number of lobes that are drained by individual ducts which open into the nipple

74
Q

Mammary Glands (Breasts)

What are suspensory ligaments?

A

bands of connective tissue between mammary gland lobes of breast that arise from skin, and attach to deep fascia covering pectoralis major muscle

75
Q

Mammary Glands (Breasts)

What do suspensory ligaments do?

A

support weight of breast

76
Q

Mammary Glands (Breasts)

What supplies blood for the breast? (3)

A
  • branches of internal thoracic artery
  • anterior and posterior intercostal arteries
  • axillary artery
77
Q

Mammary Glands (Breasts)

What innervates the skin of the breast?

A

4th-6th intercostal nerves provide general sensory innervation

these nerves also carry sympathetic fibers to supply smooth muscle fibers in wall of blood vessels, areola, and nipple

78
Q

Mammary Glands (Breasts)

What is the secretion and ejection of milk controlled by? (2)

A
  • prolactin hormone secreted by anterior pituitary

- oxytocin hormone secreted by hypothalamus

+ CAPS 391 (28 decks)

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