Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive > Female Pelvic Anatomy - Clinical Correlates > Flashcards

Female Pelvic Anatomy - Clinical Correlates Flashcards

1
Q

In a standing female, the female pelvis is oriented such that the _____ and the edge of the pubic symphysis are in the same vertical plane.

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The _______ is measured during pelvic examination to help assess the space to allow vaginal childbirth

A

superior pelvic aperture/pelvic inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The _____ diameter is from the pubic symphysis to the midpoint of the sacral promontory

A

anterior posterior diameter (AP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The _____ diameter is the greatest width of the pelvic aperture measured between the _______.

A

transverse diameter between the linea terminalis (iliopectal line/pelvic brim)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which is larger? anterior/posterior diameter or transverse diameter

A

transverse diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The distance between the iliac spines may be a barrier to childbirth if the distance is less than ______ cm

A

9.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ______ female pelvis has a wide, circular superior pelvic aperture with a wide pubic arch and widely spaced ischial spines – considered the most accommodating for vaginal delivery

A

gynecoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

M/F has a pelvis that is wider, shallower, and with a larger superior and inferior pelvic aperture

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why are women with a less vertically oriented pelvic inlet at an increased risk for pelvic organ prolapse?

A

because abdominal forces may have less transmission to the pubic symphysis and more pressure is directed towards the pelvic viscera and fibromuscular supports of the pelvic floor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Women with a larger ______ diameter may be at a higher risk for pelvic organ prolapse due to a larger diameter for abdominal pressure transmission to the pelvic floor.

A

transverse diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Key pelvic muscles (skeletal)

A

levator ani, coccygeus, external anal sphincter, striated urethral sphincter, deep and superficial transverse perineal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The levator ani complex is formed by what three muscles?

A

he pubococcygeus, the puborectalis, and the iliococcygeus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The iliococcygeus muscle originates from the ________, a linear thickening of the fascial covering of the obturator internus

A

arcus tendineus levator ani (ATLA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“Pelvic diaphragm” is composed of which 2 muscles/groups?

A

levator ani and coccygeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F The skeletal muscles of the pelvic floor have the capacity to contract quickly at the time of an acute stress, such as a cough or sneeze, in order to maintain continence and to relax during voiding or defecation

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

During childbirth, the ________ portion of the levator ani muscle is the most likely skeletal muscle of the pelvic floor to be injured.

A

puborectalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Injuries to the pelvic fascia and pubococcygeus muscles may result in a herniation of the bladder into the vagina called ______

A

cystocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Herniation of the rectum into the

vagina is called _____

A

rectocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Weakening of the __________ portion of the levator ani may result in urinary incontinence

A

pubovaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which pelvic wall muscles also rotates the thigh laterally?

A

obturator internus and piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which pelvic wall muscle also abducts the thigh?

A

piriformis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

4 main arteries that enter the pelvis

A

middle sacral, internal iliac, superior rectal, ovarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anterior internal iliac artery branches

A

umbilical, obturator, vaginal, uterine, middle rectal, internal pudendal, inferior gluteal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Posterior internal iliac artery branches

A

superior gluteal, iliolumbar, lateral sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The sacral plexus is formed by the _____ trunk and the ventral rami of _________

A

lumbosacral trunk and ventral rami of S1 to S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The

sciatic nerve is formed by the ventral rami of ____

A

L4-S3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The pudendal nerve arises from the ventral rami of ______

A

S2-S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The pudendal nerve travels around the _____ ligament to enter the perineum through the _________ foramen.

A

sacrospinous ligament and lesser sciatic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

During childbirth, the fetal head may compress what structures producing lower limb and perineal pain?

A

pudendal nerve and sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The _____ originates from S3, S4, and/or S5 to innervate the coccygeus and the levator ani complex muscles

A

levator ani nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The obturator nerve arises from ______

A

L2-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The obturator nerve exits the pelvis through the ________

A

obturator foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

____ course posteroinferiorly on the lateral wall of the pelvis, external to the parietal peritoneum and anterior to the internal iliac arteries.

A

ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The _____ adheres to the parietal peritoneum and runs anterior to the ureter on the posterior abdominal wall.

A

ovarian artery

35
Q

As the ureter descends, it passes medial to the origin of the uterine artery and continues to the level of the ischial spine, where it is crossed superiorly by the ________.

A

uterine artery

36
Q

Why is the ureter vulnerable to injury during pelvic surgery in women?

A

The ureter may be inadvertently damaged during a hysterectomy when the uterine artery is tied off. The point of crossing of the uterine artery and ureters lies about 2cm superior to the ischial spine. The left ureter tends to be very close to the later aspect of the cervix. The ureter also lies close to the ovarian vessels and can be damaged during oophorectomy

37
Q

The bladder is separated from pubic bones by the _____ space

A

retropubic

38
Q

In the female, the peritoneum is reflected from the superior surface of the bladder near its posterior border onto the anterior wall of the uterus forming the _______ pouch of the peritoneum.

A

vesicouterine

39
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the superior bladder is through the _________

A

external iliac lymph nodes

40
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the inferior bladder is through the ______

A

internal iliac lymph nodes

41
Q

Why is the urethra more prone to infection in the female?

A

it is open to the vestibule oft he vagina and shorter than in the male

42
Q

The _____ is a recess around the cervix.

A

Fornix

43
Q

The posterior fornix is called the _______.

A

rectouterine pouch

44
Q

Through what pouch can the peritoneal cavity be accessed vaginally.

A

rectouterine pouch

45
Q

What procedure is commonly performed through the rectouterine pouch as part of in vitro fertilization?

A

oocyte retrieval

46
Q

How is vaginal distention limited laterally?

A

by the space between ischial spines

47
Q

What tools are used to visualize the vagina and cervix?

A

speculum and colposcope

48
Q

The upper 2/3 of the vagina drains lymph via ____

A

internal and external iliac lymph nodes

49
Q

The lower 2/3 of the vagina drains lymph through the _____

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

50
Q

In _____ women, the uterus is inclined and bent anteriorly (anteverted and anteflexed)

A

nulliparous

51
Q

A ____ uterus is inclined posteriorly

A

retroverted

52
Q

3 layers of the uterus

A

endometrium, myometrium, serosal

53
Q

5 ligaments of the uterus

A

uteroovarian, round, broad, cardinal, uterosacral

54
Q

Which ligaments are important for supporting the uterus and vagina in the pelvis?

A

uterosacral and cardinal ligaments

55
Q

How does the fundus of the uterus drain lymph?

A

aortic, external iliac, superficial inguinal lymph nodes

56
Q

How does the uterine body drain lymph?

A

external iliac lymph nodes

57
Q

How does the cervix drain lymph?

A

internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

58
Q

4 parts of the fallopian tubes

A

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine

59
Q

Where is the oocyte fertilized?

A

ampullla of the fallopian tube

60
Q

How is tubal obstruction diagnosed?

A

hysterosalpingography (radiographic procedure)

61
Q

What is a common cause of female infertility that involves the fallopian tubes?

A

tubal obstruction

62
Q

What kind of common female sterilization is performed laparoscopically or via abdominal incision?

A

tubal ligation

63
Q

______ is inflammation of the fallopian tubes and is often associated with ______ in women.

A

salpingitis associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

64
Q

How does the anatomy of the pelvic viscera make women prone to salpingitis?

A

Because the female genital tract is in direct communication with the peritoneal cavity. Bacteria that invade the vagina may ascend through the cervical canal, endometrial cavity and through the fallopian tubes to cause a peritoneal infection.

65
Q

______ is the most common ectopic gestation.

A

tubal pregnancy –> zygote implants in mucosa of fallopian tube

66
Q

What may be a consequence of not diagnosing tubal pregnancy early?

A

rupture of the fallopian tube with massive intra-abdominal bleeding

67
Q

How do the fallopian tubes drain lymph?

A

aortic lymph nodes

68
Q

T/F after menopause, ovaries atrophy

A

T –> 1/2 size

69
Q

Where in the pelvis are ovaries located?

A

ovarian fossa

70
Q

The _____ ligament forms the anterior boundary of each ovary

A

medial umbilical ligament

71
Q

Ovaries are bounded posteriorly by what structures?

A

ureter and internal iliac artery

72
Q

What structure contains the ovarian vessels and nerves?

A

suspensory ligament of the ovary

73
Q

How do the ovaries drain lymph?

A

aortic lymph nodes

74
Q

A line connecting the ischial tuberosities divides the perineum into what 2 triangles?

A

anal and urogenital

75
Q

the _____ is a thick fibrous sheet that spans the urogenital triangle and fixes the distal urethra, distal vagina, and perineal body to the pubic arches

A

perineal membrane/urogenital diaphragm

76
Q

the ______ lies between the perineal membrane and the inferior aspect of the levator ani muscles

A

deep perineal space

77
Q

What structures lie in the deep perineal space?

A

external urethral sphincter, deep transverse perineal muscles

78
Q

What structures lie within the superficial perineal space?

A

bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal muscles

79
Q

The ______ is a fibromuscular mass anterior the anus that is formed by a portion of the puborectalis, bulbospongiosus, superficial transversus perineal, and the anterior portion of the external anal sphincter//and plays a role in support of the distal vagina and in normal anorectal function.

A

perineal body

80
Q

How does trauma to the perineal body during childbirth promote pelvic organ prolapse?

A

Tearing at the PB can result an enlarged vaginal orifice with subsequent prolapse of the vaginal wall.

81
Q

______ is a relaxing incision made through the posterior vaginal mucosa, perineal skin, perineal body, and the superficial transverse perineal muscle.

A

episiotomy

82
Q

Why is episiotomy performed during childbirth?

A

to prevent inevitable tears during final stages of childbirth

83
Q

What is a common complication of a midline episiotomy?

A

incision extends to involve external anal sphincter

84
Q

What is a mediolateral episiotomy?

A

involves incising the posterior vagina, skin, and bulbospongiosus muscle to avoid the external anal sphincter

Reproductive (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions