Female Histology- Lecture 3 Flashcards Preview

reproduction > Female Histology- Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Female Histology- Lecture 3 Deck (40)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Corpus albicans (white body)

A

if pregnancy does not occur, corpus luteum (yellow body) degenerates and is invaded by CT to become corpus albicans

2
Q

Cervix mucosa

A

Folded- structure varies with species. Mostly goblet cells- mucus character varies with cycle and pregnancy; lamina propria becomes edematous during estrus.

3
Q

Surface epithelium

A

Ovary tissue continuous with mesovarium

3
Q

Tunica submucosa

A

may contain glands that open to lumen

4
Q

Cortex (outside medulla, except in equine)

A

Ovary tissue Where follicles and corpora lutea, atretica, and albicans. Interstitial glands- epithelioid cells that secrete estrogen. Stroma- specialized connective tissue with fibroblasts and extensive blood and lymphatic capillaries.

4
Q

Luteinization

A

hypertrophy, hyperplasia, accumulation of lipid pigment

5
Q

Corpus luteum (yellow body)

A

after corpus hemorrhagicum, rest of follicualr wall collapses; granulosa and theca interna cells luteinize to granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells. Corpus luteum is an endrocrine gland that produces progesterone. Persists and enlarges if pregnancy occurs.

5
Q

Uterotubal junction

A

Part of uterine tube. Structure varies greatly among species. Histology similar to isthmus. Capable of constricting, like a sphincter.

5
Q

Lactating mammary glands

A

Merocrine: proteins and carbs. Apocrine: lipids. Holocrine: sloughed secretory cells, macrophages, leukocytes. Corpora amylacea: concretions of milk and cellular detritus.

6
Q

Tunica mucosa

A

Lamina epithelialis mucosae-epithelium plus basal lamina. lamina propria mucosae- may contain lymph nodules and glands. lamina muscularis mucosae- often intermittent or absent.

7
Q

Tunica muscularis (muscularis externa)

A

often inner circular, outer longitudinal

7
Q

Myometrium (tunica muscularis) of uterus

A

Thick inner circular layer of smooth muscle; stratum vasculare; thinner outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.

8
Q

Deciduate placenta

A

Uterine mucosa is eroded to varying degrees; some maternal tissue lost at parturition.

9
Q

Isthmus

A

Part of uterine tube. Small lumen. Mucosa- folds are simple, forming grooves or pockets; secretory cells usually predominate over ciliated cells in epithelium. Muscularis- thicker than in ampulla, can constrict lumen.

10
Q

Uterus layers

A

inside to outside: endometrium. myometrium. perimetrium- tunica serosa.

11
Q

Estrus

A

Estrogen high, progesterone low. Lining and glandular epithelium proliferates, heterophil infiltration continues. Stroma- congestion, edema, and hemorrhage maximal

13
Q

Primordial follicle

A

Follicular development. Loosely organized. primary oocyte (from primordial germ cells of yolk sac endoderm origin); single layer of squamous follicular cells (mesoderm origin), may not be present in adults

14
Q

Vagina histology

A

Mucosa- highly folded, stratified squamous, stroma contains lymphatic layers. Muscularis- thick: two or three layers.

15
Q

Oviduct

A

pathway to the Uterus

17
Q

Secondary follicle

A

Follicular development Zona pellucida is now visible. It is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of the oocyte. Follicular cells multiply and become granulosa, retaining a basal lamina. Thecal layers begin to elaborate.

18
Q

Endometrium (tunica mucosa) of uterus

A

Mostly simple columnar epithelium. Uterine glands- species variation. Caruncles- form sites of contact with extraembryonic membranes in ruminants. Lamina propria- hyperplastic loose CT; numerous leukocytes, ready to invade lumen.

18
Q

Nondeciduate placenta

A

Fetal trophoblast tissue interdigitates with maternal tissue; maternal tissue not lost at parturition. Ruminants, horses, sheep, pigs

20
Q

Primary follicle

A

Follicular development primary oocyte activates, enlarges, begins to produce zona pellucida; follicular cells become cuboidal; stromal calls form theca

21
Q

Cervix characteristics

A

Valve-like entrance that protects uterus, open during estrus and parturition. Species variation in anatomy and mucus production, mainly where sperm is deposited.

23
Q

Ampulla

A

Part of uterine tube. Large lumen, leads to infundibulum. Mucosa- extensive, branched folds; ciliated cells predominate in epithelium. Muscularis- circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.

23
Q

Cervix muscularis

A

Inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle; elastic fibers prominent in the circular layer.

24
Q

Corpus atreticum (atretic follicle)

A

forms from follicles that fail to complete development; oocyte liquifies; zona pellucida thickens and folds; CT invades follicle; theca interna may undergo luteinization, forming interstitial gland.

26
Q

Proestrus

A

Increasing estrogen. Lining epithelium- hypertrophies, leukocytes begin to infiltrate. Glands- remain straight. Stroma- increasing vascularity and congestion, some hemorrhaging.

27
Q

Resting mammary glands

A

Parenchyma reduced and replaced by loose CT. Extensive lymphocyte infiltration.

28
Q

Ovulation

A

thinning of the thecal layers; buildup of follicular fluid; follicular stigma (site of rupture); rupture of follicle releases oocyte, zona pellucida, corona radiata, and cumulus.

29
Q

Corpus hemorrhagicum

A

results after ovulation due to ruptured blood vessels, collapsing follicular wall and blood present.

31
Q

Tertiary follicle

A

Follicular development Follicular fluid forms from granulosa cells and blood filtrate in a space (antrum). Granulosa differentiate into 1) columnar corona radiate cells 2) cumulus cells 3) membrana granulosa cells. Theca interna and externa

33
Q

Medulla

A

Ovary tissue loose connective tissue and strands of smooth muscle, large blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves. rete ovarii- emvryonic remnants equivalent to rete testis. hilus cells- produce steroid hormones. Vessels and nerves.

34
Q

Theca interna

A

develops in tertiary follicle. Epithelioid steroidogenic cells, blood and lymph capillaries.

35
Q

Tunica adventitia or serosa

A

perimetrium of uterus. Serosa if adjacent to body cavity; adventitia if surrounded by connective tissue

36
Q

Diestrus

A

Estrogen low, progesterone high. Maximal glandular hyperplasia and coiling. If no fertilization- all activity declines

37
Q

Theca externa

A

develops in tertiary follicle. Fibroblastic layer, thecal cone points towards ovarian surface.

38
Q

Tunica albunginea ovarii

A

Ovary tissue dense irregular connective tissue, much thinner than in testis

39
Q

Pregnancy

A

Estrogen and progesterone increase. Equine trophoblast cells form endometrial cups which produce chorionic gonadotrophin.

40
Q

Anestrus

A

Estrogen and progesterone low. Endometrium is thin. Glands are sparse and at minimum complexity.