feb 26 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in feb 26 Deck (27)
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1
Q

what investigation should be obtained in a child suspected to have vesicouretral reflex?

A

voiding cystogram

2
Q

indciations for a voiding cystogram in a child

A
  • 2 or more febrile UTIs
  • abnormal ultrasound
  • fever >39 (102)
  • signs of chronic kidney disease
3
Q

classic XRAY finding of NEC?

A

air in the bowel wall

4
Q

congenital dermal melanocytosis =

A

mongolian spots

5
Q

how does estrogen effect thryoid hormone?

A

it increases TBG production by the liver -> reduction of free T4 and T3

6
Q

why may there be hypertension in a wilms tumour?

A

tumour may secrete renin or compress vasculature

7
Q

origin of the adrenal gland

A

neural crest

8
Q

clinical features of blastomycoses?

A

skin lesions, lytic bone lesions, fever, night sweats

9
Q

why do patients with ascites get shortness of breath ?

A

increased abdominal pressure

10
Q

A patient with PSGN has edema, what should you do?

A

give them loop diuretics (furosemide)

11
Q

what complications of volume overload may arise in PSGN?

A

hypertension, edema

12
Q

how to treat volume overload in PSGN?

A

loop diuretics

13
Q

path of common variable immunodeficiency?

A

-theres abnormal differentiation of B cells into plasma cells resulting in decreased production of multiple immunoglobulin classes

14
Q

treatment of common variable immunodeficiency?

A

intravenous immunoglobulin infusion

15
Q

what are the two most common causes of CN III palsies?

A

compression, or microvascular ischemia

16
Q

where are the parasympathetic fibers of CNIII found (inside, or outside of the fascicle containing the other fibers?)

A

outside the fascicle (making them less susceptible to ischemia but still affected by compression)

17
Q

if a CN III palsy is pupil sparing what does that indicate?

A

the parasympathetic fibers are intact - probably from microvascular ischemia

18
Q

if a CN III palsy has pupil involvement (dilation) what does that intact?

A

the parasympathetic fibers are effected - probably from mass effect (such as an intracranial aneurysm)

19
Q

at what sodium level should a patient receive HYPERtonic saline?

A

if the sodium is <120

20
Q

path behind lichen planus?

A

autoimmune disorder driven by CD8 t cells

21
Q

treatment of cutaneous lichen planus?

A

nothing - self limited

22
Q

treatment of oral lichen planus?

A

topical high-potency steroids

23
Q

a finger stick capillary lead level is high. How should you confirm?

A

you NEED to measure the venous lead level

24
Q

all patients with cirhosis need to undergo what test?

A

screening endoscopy for esophageal varices

25
Q

what is nadolol?

A

a beta blocker

26
Q

what hormone rises in refeeding syndrome and why does this matter?

A

insulin rises in response to being fed after starving - leads to electolyte disturbances - must replenish electrolytes

27
Q

what antibodies are found in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

anti - ccp