Fats and Oils Flashcards

1
Q

main use of fats and oils

A
  1. concentrated source of energy
  2. are essential for the transport and storage of fat-soluble vitamins in the body. non-polar structure allows them to dissolve essential vitamins such as A and D.
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2
Q

other uses of fats and oils

A
  • edible oils used as fuels such as bio-diesel (more important as fuels from crude oil become scarcer/more expensive)
  • lubricants for some agricultural machinery made from veg oil to prevent risk of harmful mineral oils contaminating future food stuffs.
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3
Q

structure of fats/oils

A
  • 1x glycerol backbone (alcohol)
  • 3x fatty acids (carboxylic acids)
  • 3x ester linkages
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4
Q

what is glycerol also known as?

A

propan-1,2,3-triol

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5
Q

what homologous series do fats and oils belong to?

A

esters

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6
Q

in what reaction are fats and oils made?

A

esterification/condensation reaction

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7
Q

what can a fat or oil also be referred to as?

A

triglyceride

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8
Q

state of fats and oils at room temp

A

fats are solid

oils are liquids

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9
Q

what determines if the triglyceride is a fat or oil?

A

the structure of the fatty acid chain

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10
Q

where do fats tend to come from?

A

animals

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11
Q

where do oils tend to come from?

A

fish and plants

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12
Q

are fats and oils unsaturated or saturated?

A

fats are saturated

oils are saturated

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13
Q

do fats or oils have a higher mp

A

fats have higher mp

oils have lower mp

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14
Q

in other words, what is degree of unsaturation?

A

how many c=c are present

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15
Q

monounsaturated

A

one c=c

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16
Q

polyunsaturated

A

more than 1 c=c

17
Q

testing degree of unsaturation

A

more unsaturated the fatty acid, the more bromine it can react with. (more C=C for Br-Br to add on to)
end point of titration colourless–>yellow when no more Br2 can add on as the fatty acid has become fully saturated.

18
Q

iodine number

A

mass of iodine in grams that will react with 100g of oil

19
Q

using iodine to test degree of unsaturation

A

the iodine reacts with the c=c bonds, so the greater the iodine number, the greater the number of double bonds.

20
Q

determining degree of unsaturation using formula

A

it is saturated if it fits the general formula CnH2n+1
if it is not saturated there is 1 double bond for each pair of hydrogen’s lost.
x2+1

21
Q

process used to convert oils into fats

A

hydrogenation

22
Q

what happens to an oil when it is ‘hardened’?

A

hydrogen is added on to the c=c in the oil which reduces the degree of unsaturation which increases the melting point.

23
Q

what catalyst is used in hardening of oils

A

nickel Ni catalyst

24
Q

example of hardening of oils in real life

A

production of margarine

25
Q

edible fats and oils are esters formed from the…

A

condensation reaction of glycerol with three fatty acid molecules

26
Q

how many ester links can glycerol form with fatty acid molecules?

A

3

27
Q

the greater the number of drops (longer titration)…

A

more unsaturated the oil.

28
Q

end point of titration of fats/oils against bromine

A

when all double bonds have been used up

trace of bromine remains (no further decolouration)