Extra Chapter

Question 1

Clumped distribution
Uniform distribution
Random distribution

Answer 1

Individuals in a pop are clustered together creating patches of individuals and patches without. (Star fish)

Individuals are spaced out evenly throughout area
(Penguin)

Individuals are arranged without any pattern (your yard)

Question 2

Demography

Answer 2

The study of viral statistics of populations and how they change over time

Question 3

Population size equation

Answer 3

N=(Births-Deaths) + (Immigration- Emigration)

Question 4

Why don’t populations grow exponentially

Answer 4

The resources needed to sustain such growth are limited

Question 5

Carrying capacity (k)

Answer 5

The maximum number of individuals in the population that the environment can sustain. Not the amount of food, it is the number of elephants that amount of food will support.

Question 6

Other natural brakes on populations

Answer 6

Predation

Parasites

Question 7

Plants and animals whose young are subjected to high mortality often….

Answer 7

Produce large numbers of small offspring (each is cheap, few will reach reproductive age)

Question 8

Senescence

Answer 8

The process of aging

• becoming less fit as the organisms ability to generate new tissue to repair injuries declines with age.
• more likely in organism with longer life spans and low mortality until late in life. (K-selected)

(High then curve low )

Question 9

Type two organisms

Answer 9

The percentage of organisms in a population that die is roughly even throughout expected life span

(Straight line )

Question 10

Type 3 organisms

Answer 10

Usually very large mortality early in life and only small percent of offspring life long enough to reproduce, these are r selected

(Lower starts, steel curve down)

Question 11

Ecosystems include

Answer 11

All biotic components and all the non living abiotic components

Question 12

Two major parts at ecosystem level

Answer 12

Energy flow

Biochemical cycling

Question 13

Herbivore
Carnivore
Detritivore

Answer 13

Eater of plants
Water of meat
Eater of detritus (waste)

Question 14

Conservation of energy

Answer 14

First law of thermodynamics is that energy can neither be created or destroyed but can be converted from ken to another

Question 15

Jobs in an ecosystem

Answer 15

Primary producers (plants)
Consumers (herbivores)
Secondary consumers (carnivores)
Decomposers (fungi)

Question 16

Chemical cycling

Answer 16

Refers to nutrient (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) movement through the components (producers and consumers) of an ecosystem