Exercise and Immune Function Flashcards Preview

Intro to Sports Med > Exercise and Immune Function > Flashcards

Flashcards in Exercise and Immune Function Deck (18)
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1
Q

What did the early research into exercise and immune function by Peters & Bateman (1983) find?

A

People who took less time to finish ultra marathons self reported more symptoms of illness

2
Q

What does the J shape curve proposed by Nieman 1994 suggest about the relationship between exercise and upper respiratory tract infection risk?

A

Low activity, average risk.
Moderate activity, low risk
High activity, high risk

3
Q

What does the S shape curve proposed by Malm 2006 suggest about the relationship between exercise and URTI?

A

Same as J shaped but at elite levels of activity the risk goes down slightly

4
Q

What are the potential reasons that could result in increased infection risk at high activity levels?

A
  • Exercise results in greater risk of infection due to increased crowd exposure, lung ventilation, skin abrasions, and foreign travel
  • Sleep disruption crossing time zones for races
  • Hypoxia and radiation on plane travel
5
Q

How can URTIs be assessed?

A

Diary/Recall Questionnaires over time
Jackson Score Questionnaire
Objective measurements (Swab of nose or throat and DNA sequencing/protein identification)

6
Q

What are the two branches of immunity?

A

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

7
Q

Which branch of immunity is quicker acting and non-specific?

A

Innate

8
Q

What are the different kinds of barriers in the innate immune system?

A
  • Physical (skin)
  • Chemical (pH of stomach)
  • Inflammatory
  • Phagocytic
9
Q

What are the four characteristic attributes of the adaptive immune system?

A
  • Antigenic specificity
  • Diversity
  • Immunological memory
  • Self/non self recognition
10
Q

What are the two major types of cytotoxic cells?

A

Natural killer cells (innate)

Cytotoxic T cells (adaptive)

11
Q

What do cytotoxic cells do?

A

punch holes in the membranes of cells using perforin

12
Q

What are the different antibodies/immunoglobulins?

A
IgA - line mucosal surfaces (sIgA)
IgD - cell signalling
IgE - allergic response
IgM - short lived immune
IgG - Long term immune
13
Q

What is lymphocytosis?

A

Specific cells are selectively mobilised during exercise

14
Q

What is lymphocytopenia?

A

Specific cells preferentially leave the circulation after exercise

15
Q

What is the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Testing response of antigen on skin

16
Q

What is the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)?

A

Pathway necessary for DNA replication, cell cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, adhesion molcule regulation

17
Q

What effect does carbohydrate supplementation have on immune function?

A

Increases it, to a point

18
Q

What can Nutritionists advise to reduce the incidence of URTI?

A
  • Carb Supplementation:
  • Leucine
  • Glutamine